Table 7.
Results from studies that do not provide adequate information on the treatments undergone and studies without consecutive patient inclusion
| Study | Patient selection | Consecutive? | # | Age | Grades | Levels | Treatments | Follow-up | Posterior instr. | Decompression | Reduction | Clincal | Fusion | Complications | Cowley total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moon [30] | Retrospective | No | 10 | ? | I–II | L4–S1 | AIF (Anterior Bayley–Badgley cages + IC) | 6 Years | No | ? | ? | NR | 60% | 4 Non-fusion, 6 graft collapse | 6 |
| Christensen [6] | Retrospective | Yes | 57 | ? | I–II | L4–S1 | AIF (IC (Thomasen)) | 5–13 Years | No | No | ? | NR | 47% | NR | 4 |
| Tsuji [41] | Retrospective | Yes | 17 | 29.8±11.8 | 20.2%±10.8 | L4–S1 | AIF (ilium graft) | 7 Years | No | ? | ? | 94% | 53% | 1 Nerve root irritation | 7 |
| Tsuji [41] | Retrospective | Yes | 16 | 39.2±9.7 | 19.7±10.9 | L4–S1 | AIF (ilium graft) + interspinous block | 7 Years | No | ? | ? | 94% | 88% | 1 Nerve root irritation | 7 |
| Johnson [15] | Retrospective | Yes | 34 | ? | I–II subgroup | ? | Mixed | 36 Months | Mixed | Yes | ? | 50% | No subgr | NR | 0 |
| Chen [4] | Retrospective | No | 118 | 45.5 (27–62) | I–III | L4–S1 | PIF (BAK cage±PS + local morselised graft) + laminectomy | 33 Months | Yes | ? | ? | NR | 95% | 31:4 Dural tear; 3 nerve root; 9 suboptimal position cage; 3 cage retropulsion; 4 cage subsidence; 2 arachnoiditis; 6 pseudoarthrosis | 4 |
| Boos [1] | Prospective | Yes | 32 | 52 (20–76) | I–II | L3–S1 | PLF (AO internal fixator) | 45 Months | Yes | Mixed | Mixed | NR | NR | NR | 6 |
| Nooraie [31] | Retrospective | No | 45 | 43.5 (23–56) | I–II | L4–S1 | PLF (CDI + graft) | 12 Months | Yes | Mixed | ? | 98% | 95% | 2 Screw breakage | 4 |
| Thalgott [39] | Retrospective | No | 21 | 45 (25–59) | I–III | L4–S1 | PLF (DC plates + screws + IC) | 36 Months | Yes | Yes | No | 81% | 81% | 8:3 Infections, seroma, screw breakage (ALIF), malpositioned screw (asymptomatic), 2 mild nerve root irritation | 8 |
| Kaneda [18] | Retrospective | No | 53 | 43.5 (16–59) | I–III, 26±11 | L3–S1 | PLF (distraction rod + IC) | 3.5 Years | Yes | Mixed | ? | 92% | 91% | 5 Pseudoarthrosis | 9 |
| Hanley [14] | Retrospective | Yes | 50 | 36.5 (10–67) | I–III | L4–S1 | PLF (IC)±Gill | 40 Months | No | Mixed | ? | 60% | 88% | 6 Pseudoarthrosis | 7 |
| Ricciardi [33] | Retrospective | Yes | 18 | 33 (17–51) | I–III | L5–S1 | PLF (PS + plate + IC) + Gill laminectomy | 30 Months | Yes | Yes | ? | 88% | 94% | 4:1 Screw backed out, 1 suture abscess, 1 paresthesias, 1 deep wound infection | 12 |
| Wang [45] | Retrospective | No | 21 | 34 (24–42) | 0–I | L3–S1 | PLF (PS) + AIF (IC/Allo) | 30 Months | Yes | Yes | ? | 95% | 95% | 1 Collapse resulted in fusion, 1 L5 nerve root damage | 8 |
| Schnee [34] | Retrospective | No | 14 | 53.4 (24–77) | I–II | ? | PLF (PS) + laminectomy | 18 Months | Yes | Yes | No | NR | 100% | 7 Wound infections, 1 foot drop, 1 gastro-intestinal bleeding | 5 |
| Kamioka [17] | Retrospective | No | 13 | 49 (12–67) | 24% | L3–S1 | PLF (Zimmer plate + PS + IC) | 29 Months | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | 92% | 2 Screw fracture | 7 |
| L’Heureux [21] | Retrospective | No | 33 | 38 (21–60) | 2–41% | L4–S1 | PLF±AIF±instr. | 24 Months | Mixed | Mixed | No | NR | NR | 15 Complications + 11 revisions | 9 |
| Spruit [35] | Retrospective | No | 12 | ? (23–54) | <50% | L3–L5 | PLF (PS) + AIF (syncage + lamina graft) + laminectomy | 2.1 years | Yes | Yes | Yes | NR | 100% | 2:1 Urinary tract infection, 1 warm leg | 13 |
NR not reported, subgr results were not reported for the required patient group, CDI Cottrell–Dubousset instrumentation, IC iliac crest, PLF posterolateral fusion, PIF posterior lumbar interbody fusion, AIF anterior lumbar interbody fusion