Table 3.

Mean normalized peak SCM muscle EMG in response to simulated rear-end impacts

	Sample	Slow unexpected (SD)	Gender P value power	Fast unexpected (SD)	Gender P value power	Fast expected (SD)	Gender P value power	Slow–fast unexpected P value, power	Fast: unexpected–expected P value, power
Left	15 M	2.35 (0.85)	0.014*	3.85 (0.62)	0.604	3.73 (0.63)	0.031*	0.001*	0.929
	11 F	3.41 (1.19)	0.714	4.03 (1.11)	0.80	4.42 (0.89)	0.597	0.999	0.999
	26	2.80 (1.12)		3.93 (0.85)		4.03 (0.81)
Right	17 M	2.68 (0.82)	0.005*	4.34 (0.46)	0.651	4.24 (0.67)	0.138	0.001*	0.999
	12 F	3.63 (0.90)		4.50 (1.09)		4.61 (0.82)		0.999	0.999
	29	3.07 (0.96)		4.41 (0.77)		4.39 (0.75)

Normalized EMG represents the maximum voluntary contraction and it is presented as natural logarithm data. Repeated measures test for detecting gender differences in the left SCM (power values are included), and response differences between impacts. One way ANOVA analysis used for detecting gender differences in the right SCM. M refers to male and F to females

* The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level