Table 1.

Details of the pediatric spine finite element model

	Element set	Number of elements	ABAQUS element (library type)	Young’s modulus (MPA)	Poisson’s ratio
Bony regions	Cortical bone	512	C3D8	12,000	0.30
	Cancellous bone	3,328	C3D8	100	0.20
	Posterior bone	1,256	C3D8	3,500	0.25
	Endplate	1,200	C3D8	3,000	0.25
	Apophyseal ring	160	C3D8	100	0.20
	Growth plate	1,200	C3D8	10	0.40
Intervertebral disc	Annulus fibrosus	3,584	C3D8	4.2	0.45
	Nucleus pulposus	1,792	C3D8	1.0	0.4999
Ligaments	Anterior longitudinal	160	T3D2	15.6–20.0	0.30
	Posterior longitudinal	96	T3D2	10.0–20.0	0.30
	Transverse	20	T3D2	12.0–59.0	0.30
	Ligamentum flavum	16	T3D2	13.0–19.5	0.30
	Interspinous	28	T3D2	9.8–12.0	0.30
	Supraspinous	8	T3D2	8.8–15.0	0.30
	Capsular	56	T3D2	8.48–32.9	0.30