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The plastoquinone and α-tocopherol biosynthetic pathway in higher plants. For clarity, not all biosynthetic steps are shown and only the HPPDase reaction is shown in detail. The CO2 lost and molecular oxygen introduced by HPPDase are indicated with a larger font and asterisks, respectively. The conjugated rings of HPP and HGA are numbered to indicate rearrangement of the side chain. The locations of the pds1 and pds2 mutations in the pathway are indicated.
