Table 5.
Percent of adequacy of recommended intake of nutrients in each treatment group at baseline and with intervention 1
| Nutrient | PMR + I | PMR | INU | CON | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrates, % |
Baseline |
84.2 ± 11.8 |
88.9 ± 12.1 |
90.4 ± 9.3 |
85.4 ± 12.5 |
| |
Intervention |
91.6 ± 7.8 2 |
90.4 ± 16.5 |
87.2 ± 9.9 |
90.0 ± 12.3 |
| Protein, % |
Baseline |
106.4 ± 21.3 a |
100.2 ± 17.3 |
98.0 ± 12.5 |
113.9 ± 24.8 b |
| |
Intervention |
163.9 ± 37.8 2,a |
151.1 ± 33.3 2, a |
158.2 ± 29.4 2a |
128.4 ± 23.6 2 b |
| Fat, % |
Baseline |
95.4 ± 13.8 |
93.5 ± 14.6 |
92.1 ± 16.5 |
89.5 ± 15.6 |
| |
Intervention |
74.3 ± 14.7 2 |
73.2 ± 27.6 2 |
80.5 ± 15.3 2 |
82.4 ± 14.2 |
| Calcium, % |
Baseline |
98.8 ± 26.9 |
92.1 ± 40.4 |
92.7 ± 40.3 |
92.7 ± 29.5 |
| |
Intervention |
119.0 ± 20.3 2,a |
118.9 ± 37.7 2 a |
107.2 ± 35.8 a |
83.3 ± 31.3 b |
| Iron, % |
Baseline |
68.4 ± 21.7 |
62.0 ± 34.8 |
60.3 ± 27.5 |
54.8 ± 17.9 |
| |
Intervention |
71.8 ± 14.1 a |
69.8 ± 14.6 a |
40.7 ± 14.9 2 b |
47.1 ± 16.4 b |
| Magnessium, % |
Baseline |
74.9 ± 37.9 |
80.6 ± 42.1 |
75.2 ± 44.2 |
81.1 ± 38.7 |
| |
Intervention |
107.4 ± 26.7 2a |
107.2 ± 32.0 2 a |
62.2 ± 22.3 b |
68.7 ± 30.0 b |
| Sodium, % |
Baseline |
99.6 ± 42.0 |
86.0 ± 48.2 |
90.0 ± 44.0 |
88.8 ± 43.7 |
| |
Intervention |
68.7 ± 48.6 2 |
63.9 ± 29.4 2 a |
69.8 ± 31.9 2 |
85.3 ± 42.6 b |
| Potassium, % |
Baseline |
47.1 ± 14.8 |
50.0 ± 21.3 |
48.4 ± 21.9 |
52.5 ± 10.2 |
| |
Intervention |
49.0 ± 13.2 |
46.9 ± 12.1 |
54.2 ± 16.3 |
48.1 ± 14.1 |
| Zinc, % |
Baseline |
47.3 ± 22.1 |
68.6 ± 96.8 |
48.4 ± 21.1 |
54.3 ± 21.1 |
| |
Intervention |
94.0 ± 25.1 2 a |
92.6 ± 18.8 a |
43.7 ± 19.8 b |
38.5 ± 11.7 2 b |
| Vitamin A, % |
Baseline |
228.7 ± 270.5 |
144.5 ± 91.5 |
175.9 ± 311.2 |
138.0 ± 89.0 |
| |
Intervention |
195.5 ± 83.9 |
198.9 ± 80.1 2 |
160.0 ± 73.4 |
272.3 ± 490.2 |
| Vitamin C, % |
Baseline |
126.5 ± 72.3 |
143.8 ± 144.6 |
102.8 ± 64.6 |
140.0 ± 108.7 |
| |
Intervention |
214.7 ± 78.5 2a |
197.7 ± 65.3 a,b |
113.6 ± 61.3 c |
158.7 ± 125.3 b |
| Vitamin B1, % |
Baseline |
129.3 ± 53.3 |
123.7 ± 58.7 |
109.4 ± 44.3 |
104.3 ± 26.5 |
| |
Intervention |
158.6 ± 27.5 a |
154.7 ± 37.0 2 a |
88.5 ± 31.3 b |
98.7 ± 38.3 b |
| Vitamin B2, % |
Baseline |
166.8 ± 72.0 a |
136.7 ± 63.3 |
117.8 ± 40.5 b |
135.9 ± 29.8 b |
| |
Intervention |
195.7 ± 35.7 a |
188.5 ± 39.6 2 a |
134.9 ± 49.1 b |
138.3 ± 81.5 b |
| Niacin, % |
Baseline |
125.0 ± 54.0 |
115.9 ± 47.5 |
104.9 ± 46.6 |
109.6 ± 39.4 |
| |
Intervention |
157.9 ± 37.7 a |
164.9 ± 38.7 2 a |
113.5 ± 33.9 b |
102.1 ± 43.1 b |
| Vitamin B6, % |
Baseline |
98.7 ± 47.7 |
104.3 ± 55.1 |
86.3 ± 33.8 |
101.8 ± 35.0 |
| |
Intervention |
163.5 ± 32.8 2a |
159.1 ± 34.6 2 a |
96.2 ± 34.7 b |
95.8 ± 39.6 b |
| Folic Acid, % |
Baseline |
37.7 ± 13.8 |
38.3 ± 31.5 |
34.9 ± 23.0 |
32.5 ± 15.5 |
| |
Intervention |
112.0 ± 28.5 2 a |
109.2 ± 27.4 2 a |
35.9 ± 17.7 b |
40.4 ± 17.9 b |
| Vitamin B12, % |
Baseline |
290.2 ± 445.1 a |
206.0 ± 281.8 |
120.3 ± 139.9 b |
170.4 ± 274.5 |
| Intervention | 228.5 ± 98.1 | 195.3 ± 52.1 | 153.5 ± 175.1 | 258.3 ± 723.1 |
1 Values are means ± Standard deviation.
2 Change from baseline to intervention is significant within treatment in pared T-Test, p < 0.05.
a, b Different letters represent significant differences between treatments p < 0.05.
PMR = Partial meal replacement, INU = Inulin, CON = Control group.