Table 2.
Factors associated with health-related quality of life, according dimensions of EuroQol-5D questionnaire (n = 2,125)
| A | % patients without problems | Mobility Adjusted OR (95%CI)* |
|---|---|---|
|
Gender | ||
| Female |
883/1,227 (72.0%) |
1 |
| Male |
726/898 (80.8%) |
1.49 (1.13,1.97) |
|
Age | ||
| ≥ 60 years |
335/638 (52.5%) |
1 |
| 40 to 59 years |
551/704 (78.3%) |
1.96 (1.41,2.73) |
| 18 to 39 years |
723/783 (92.3%) |
4.13 (2.71,6.32) |
|
BMI (Kg/m2) | ||
| ≥ 30 |
243/424 (57.3%) |
1 |
| ≥ 25 to 30 |
656/873 (75.1%) |
1.64 (1.20,2.23) |
| < 25 |
709/826 (85.8%) |
2.14 (1.50,3.04) |
|
Educational level | ||
| None |
74/170 (43.5%) |
1 |
| Primary |
613/900 (68.1%) |
1.46 (0.97,2.20) |
| Secondary |
600/706 (85.0%) |
1.77 (1.10,2.85) |
| University |
319/345 (92.5%) |
3.19 (1.73,5.88) |
|
Occupation | ||
| Non active worker |
648/1,029 (63.0%) |
1 |
| Active worker |
960/1,094 (87.7%) |
1.43 (1.04,1.97) |
|
Living status | ||
| Lives alone |
145/237 (61.2%) |
1 |
| Lives with someone |
1,461/1,885 (77.5%) |
1.60 (1.10,2.33) |
|
ACQ score | ||
| >1.50 |
437/792 (55.2%) |
1 |
| 0.75-1.50 |
464/561 (82.7%) |
2.68 (1.96,3.66) |
| <0.75 |
708/772 (91.7%) |
4.83 (3.37,6.92) |
|
Hospital admissions | ||
| Yes |
54/179 (30.2%) |
1 |
| No |
1,555/1,946 (79.9%) |
2.64 (1.71,4.07) |
|
B |
% patients without problems |
Self-care Adjusted OR (95%CI)* |
|
Age | ||
| ≥ 60 years |
335/638 (52.5%) |
1 |
| 40 to 59 years |
551/704 (78.3%) |
2.25 (1.34,3.75) |
| 18 to 39 years |
723/783 (92.3%) |
4.30 (1.93,9.54) |
|
Educational level | ||
| None |
74/170 (43.5%) |
1 |
| Primary |
613/900 (68.1%) |
3.08 (1.89,5.03) |
| Secondary |
600/706 (85.0%) |
2.71 (1.40,5.24) |
| University |
319/345 (92.5%) |
3.21 (1.20,8.54) |
|
Occupation | ||
| Non active worker |
648/1,029 (63.0%) |
1 |
| Active worker |
960/1,094 (87.7%) |
2.77 (1.52,5.04) |
|
Living status | ||
| Lives alone |
145/237 (61.2%) |
1 |
| Lives with someone |
1,461/1,885 (77.5%) |
1.70 (1.03,2.80) |
|
Asthma severity | ||
| Severe persistent |
28/90 (31.1%) |
1 |
| Moderate persistent |
449/706 (63.6%) |
1.81 (0.98,3.34) |
| Mild persistent |
655/774 (84.6%) |
3.32 (1.61,6.85) |
| Intermittent |
476/554 (85.9%) |
3.21 (1.38,7.46) |
|
Stressful event last 15 days | ||
| Yes |
207/307 (67.4%) |
1 |
| No |
1,394/1,810 (77.0%) |
1.99 (1.22,3.26) |
|
Asthma treatment | ||
| Oral corticosteroids |
62/158 (39.2%) |
1 |
| LABA + IC |
1,114/1,476 (75.5%) |
1.34 (0.77,2.32) |
| Inhaled corticosteroids |
180/209 (86.1%) |
4.07 (1.07,15.48) |
| SABA or LABA |
230/255 (90.2%) |
1.76 (0.58,5.33) |
|
ACQ score | ||
| >1.50 |
437/792 (55.2%) |
1 |
| 0.75-1.50 |
464/561 (82.7%) |
2.49 (1.43,4.36) |
| <0.75 |
708/772 (91.7%) |
2.69 (1.41,5.14) |
|
Hospital admissions | ||
| Yes |
54/179 (30.2%) |
1 |
| No |
1,555/1,946 (79.9%) |
2.52 (1.52,4.17) |
|
C |
% patients without problems |
Usual activities Adjusted OR (95%CI)* |
|
Age | ||
| ≥ 60 years |
335/638 (52.5%) |
1 |
| 40 to 59 years |
551/704 (78.3%) |
2.27 (1.63,3.16) |
| 18 to 39 years |
723/783 (92.3%) |
2.67 (1.80,3.95) |
|
BMI (Kg/m2) | ||
| ≥ 30 |
243/424 (57.3%) |
1 |
| ≥ 25 to 30 |
656/873 (75.1%) |
1.27 (0.93,1.73) |
| < 25 |
709/826 (85.8%) |
1.43 (1.02,2.02) |
|
Educational level | ||
| None |
74/170 (43.5%) |
1 |
| Primary |
613/900 (68.1%) |
1.51 (0.99,2.31) |
| Secondary |
600/706 (85.0%) |
1.86 (1.16,2.99) |
| University |
319/345 (92.5%) |
2.62 (1.49,4.60) |
|
Living status | ||
| Lives alone |
145/237 (61.2%) |
1 |
| Lives with someone |
1,461/1,885 (77.5%) |
1.76 (1.23,2.53) |
|
Asthma severity | ||
| Severe persistent |
28/90 (31.1%) |
1 |
| Moderate persistent |
449/706 (63.6%) |
1.75 (0.95,3.24) |
| Mild persistent |
655/774 (84.6%) |
1.97 (1.04,3.74) |
| Intermittent |
476/554 (85.9%) |
1.76 (0.90,3.45) |
|
Asthma treatment | ||
| Oral corticosteroids |
62/158 (39.2%) |
1 |
| LABA + IC |
1,114/1,476 (75.5%) |
1.41 (0.88,2.23) |
| Inhaled corticosteroids |
180/209 (86.1%) |
2.43 (1.27,4.62) |
| SABA or LABA |
230/255 (90.2%) |
1.97 (1.05,3.71) |
|
ACQ score | ||
| >1.50 |
437/792 (55.2%) |
1 |
| 0.75-1.50 |
464/561 (82.7%) |
3.74 (2.79,5.09) |
| <0.75 |
708/772 (91.7%) |
7.48 (5.29,10.58) |
|
Hospital admissions | ||
| Yes |
54/179 (30.2%) |
1 |
| No |
1,555/1,946 (79.9%) |
1.75 (1.14,2.68) |
|
Emergency visits | ||
| Yes |
503/810 (62.1%) |
1 |
| No |
1,106/1,315 (84.1%) |
1.67 (1.28,2.17) |
|
D |
% patients without problems |
Pain/Discomfort Adjusted OR (95%CI)* |
|
Gender | ||
| Female |
883/1,227 (72.0%) |
1 |
| Male |
726/898 (80.8%) |
1.55 (1.17,2.06) |
|
Age | ||
| ≥ 60 years |
335/638 (52.5%) |
1 |
| 40 to 59 years |
551/704 (78.3%) |
2.32 (1.68,3.22) |
| 18 to 39 years |
723/783 (92.3%) |
5.27 (3.52,7.88) |
|
BMI (Kg/m2) | ||
| ≥ 30 |
243/424 (57.3%) |
1 |
| ≥ 25 to 30 |
656/873 (75.1%) |
1.36 (1.00,1.85) |
| < 25 |
709/826 (85.8%) |
1.75 (1.25,2.47) |
|
Educational level | ||
| None |
74/170 (43.5%) |
1 |
| Primary |
613/900 (68.1%) |
1.59 (1.02,2.49) |
| Secondary |
600/706 (85.0%) |
1.88 (1.14,3.09) |
| University |
319/345 (92.5%) |
2.23 (1.25,3.99) |
|
Occupation | ||
| Non active worker |
648/1029 (63.0%) |
1 |
| Active worker |
960/1094 (87.7%) |
1.43 (1.06,1.93) |
|
Asthma severity | ||
| Severe persistent |
28/90 (31.1%) |
1 |
| Moderate persistent |
449/706 (63.6%) |
2.24 (1.14,4.41) |
| Mild persistent |
655/774 (84.6%) |
3.35 (1.66,6.75) |
| Intermittent |
476/554 (85.9%) |
2.65 (1.28,5.48) |
|
Stressful event last 15 days | ||
| Yes |
207/307 (67.4%) |
1 |
| No |
1,394/1,810 (77.0%) |
2.04 (1.46,2.83) |
|
ACQ score | ||
| >1.50 |
437/792 (55.2%) |
1 |
| 0.75-1.50 |
464/561 (82.7%) |
1.80 (1.33,2.44) |
| <0.75 |
708/772 (91.7%) |
2.78 (1.99,3.88) |
|
Hospital admissions | ||
| Yes |
54/179 (30.2%) |
1 |
| No |
1,555/1,946 (79.9%) |
2.05 (1.30,3.25) |
|
Emergency visits | ||
| Yes |
503/810 (62.1%) |
1 |
| No |
1,106/1,315 (84.1%) |
1.37 (1.03,1.81) |
|
E |
% patients without problems |
Anxiety/Depression Adjusted OR (95%CI)* |
|
Gender | ||
| Female |
883/1,227 (72.0%) |
1 |
| Male |
726/898 (80.8%) |
1.84 (1.41,2.41) |
|
Age | ||
| ≥ 60 years |
335/638 (52.5%) |
1 |
| 40 to 59 years |
551/704 (78.3%) |
1.35 (0.98,1.87) |
| 18 to 39 years |
723/783 (92.3%) |
2.37 (1.62,3.47) |
|
Educational level | ||
| None |
74/170 (43.5%) |
1 |
| Primary |
613/900 (68.1%) |
2.04 (1.33,3.12) |
| Secondary |
600/706 (85.0%) |
2.18 (1.36,3.49) |
| University |
319/345 (92.5%) |
2.55 (1.49,4.37) |
|
Place of residence | ||
| Rural |
632/859 (73.6%) |
1 |
| Urban |
977/1265 (77.2%) |
1.28 (1.01,1.62) |
|
Asthma severity | ||
| Severe persistent |
28/90 (31.1%) |
1 |
| Moderate persistent |
449/706 (63.6%) |
1.74 (0.96,3.15) |
| Mild persistent |
655/774 (84.6%) |
2.61 (1.40,4.87) |
| Intermittent |
476/554 (85.9%) |
2.27 (1.19,4.33) |
|
Stressful event last 15 days | ||
| Yes |
207/307 (67.4%) |
1 |
| No |
1,394/1,810 (77.0%) |
5.57 (4.08,7.59) |
|
ACQ score | ||
| >1.50 |
437/792 (55.2%) |
1 |
| 0.75-1.50 |
464/561 (82.7%) |
1.36 (1.01,1.83) |
| <0.75 |
708/772 (91.7%) |
1.66 (1.21,2.28) |
|
Hospital admissions | ||
| Yes |
54/179 (30.2%) |
1 |
| No |
1,555/1,946 (79.9%) |
2.09 (1.36,3.22) |
|
Emergency visits | ||
| Yes |
503/810 (62.1%) |
1 |
| No | 1,106/1,315 (84.1%) | 1.32 (1.02,1.72) |
*Adjusted Odds Ratio (Adjusted by all the variables in the Table 1).
NS, Crude Odds Ratio non significant; BMI, Body mass index; SABA, Short-acting beta2 agonists; LABA, Long-acting beta2 agonists; SD, Standard Deviation; IC, Inhaled corticosteroids.