Table 3.
Significant activity observed in children with ASD for each contrast of interest
| Anatomical region | Peak (MNI; mm) | Extent (voxels) | Max (t) | Cluster (P) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Still frame with speech versus Still frame without speech (STILLsp>STILLo; baseline) | ||||||
| L superior temporal gyrus, sulcus, and pole, middle temporal gyrus and pole, Heschl's gyrus, and Rolandic operculum | −50 | −18 | 8 | 2509 | 19.1 | <0.001 |
| −56 | −10 | 2 | 10.7 | |||
| R superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, middle temporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus, and Rolandic operculum | 52 | −8 | −2 | 2003 | 11.9 | <0.001 |
| 58 | 0 | −6 | 10.6 | |||
| L inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis and pars opercularis) | −46 | 22 | 16 | 254 | 4.94 | <0.006 |
| Beat gesture with speech versus Still frame without speech (BGsp>STILLo; baseline) | ||||||
| L thalamus, middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, Heschl's gyrus, and Rolandic operculum | −12 | −32 | 4 | 3159 | 9.18 | <0.001 |
| −50 | −22 | 10 | 8.54 | |||
| R superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, middle temporal gyrus, and Heschl's gyrus | 58 | −6 | −6 | 1854 | 11.05 | <0.001 |
| R middle and inferior temporal gyri and middle and inferior occipital gyri | 48 | −74 | −2 | 503 | 8.14 | <0.001 |
| L middle and inferior occipital gyri and middle temporal gyrus | −34 | −70 | 2 | 894 | 7.45 | <0.001 |
| R middle occipital gyrus and calcarine gyrus | 30 | −90 | 6 | 132 | 6.86 | <0.004 |
| L inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis) | −38 | 26 | 12 | 105 | 7.09 | <0.019 |
| R hippocampus | 32 | −8 | −18 | 104 | 7.02 | <0.021 |
| Nonsense hand movement with speech versus Still frame without speech (NONsp>STILLo; baseline) | ||||||
| R superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, Heschl's gyrus, Rolandic operculum, posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, and middle and inferior occipital gyri | −62 | −16 | 4 | 4734 | 13.2 | <0.001 |
| −52 | −68 | −4 | 10.4 | |||
| R superior temporal gyrus and sulcus, middle temporal gyrus, and Heschl's gyrus | 48 | −26 | 4 | 1950 | 9.82 | <0.001 |
| R middle and inferior temporal gyri and middle and inferior occipical gyri | 52 | −72 | 4 | 475 | 8.82 | <0.001 |
| L anterior cingulum and superior medial frontal gyrus | −6 | 46 | 10 | 157 | 4.85 | <0.002 |
| L postcentral gyrus | −34 | −40 | 62 | 114 | 7.66 | <0.020 |
| Beat gesture without speech versus Still frame without speech (BGo>STILLo; baseline) | ||||||
| R posterior middle temporal gyrus, and middle and inferior occipital gyri | 50 | −68 | 2 | 207 | 6.54 | <0.001 |
| L posterior middle temporal gyrus, and middle occipital gyrus | −52 | −74 | 2 | 81 | 5.71 | <0.009 |
| Nonsense hand movement without speech versus Still frame without speech (NONsp>STILLsp; baseline) | ||||||
| L middle temporal gyrus | −64 | −16 | −16 | 109 | 15.7 | <0.001 |
| L inferior frontal gyrus (pars triangularis) | −44 | 24 | 12 | 132 | 9.82 | <0.001 |
| L hippocampus | −34 | −16 | −22 | 178 | 9.08 | <0.001 |
| L precuneus | −2 | −38 | 68 | 136 | 8.77 | <0.001 |
| R hippocampus | 32 | −10 | −22 | 218 | 8.13 | <0.001 |
| R postcentral gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus | 22 | −36 | 54 | 216 | 7.85 | <0.001 |
| L precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus | −32 | −10 | 50 | 262 | 7.6 | <0.001 |
| Bilateral gyrus rectus | 2 | 40 | −16 | 751 | 7.41 | <0.001 |
| R posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, middle and inferior occipital gyri | 38 | −80 | 6 | 817 | 6.82 | <0.001 |
| L inferior temporal gyrus | −56 | −46 | −10 | 80 | 6.82 | <0.001 |
| L cerebellum, middle and inferior occipital gyri | −36 | −76 | −26 | 908 | 6.66 | <0.001 |
| L superior supplementary motor area | −12 | −8 | 72 | 66 | 6.1 | <0.027 |
| L thalamus | −6 | −20 | 16 | 113 | 5.95 | <0.001 |
| Beat gesture with speech versus Still frame with speech (BGsp>STILLsp) | ||||||
| L posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, and middle and inferior occipital gyri | −36 | −72 | 6 | 833 | 8.27 | <0.001 |
| R posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, and middle and inferior occipital gyri | 50 | −72 | 0 | 774 | 17.7 | <0.001 |
| Nonsense hand movement with speech versus Still frame with speech (NONsp>STILLsp; baseline) | ||||||
| L posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, middle and inferior occipital gyri | −38 | −68 | 0 | 788 | 8.54 | <0.001 |
| R posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, middle and inferior occipital gyri | 42 | −72 | −2 | 595 | 7.73 | <0.001 |
| Beat gesture with speech versus Nonsense hand movement with speech (BGsp>NONsp) | ||||||
| No clusters survived correction for multiple comparisons | ||||||
x, y, and z = the MNI coordinates (mm) corresponding to the left–right, anterior–posterior, and inferior–superior axes, respectively; t, the highest t-score within a region; thresholded at t > 3.36 (P < 0.005); corrected for multiple comparisons at the cluster level (P < 0.05).