FIGURE 1.

A putative model of coordinated fungal responses to hypoxia and iron limitation based on what is discussed in this review. Transcriptional and phenotypic profiles support how fungi adapt to the host microenvironments interdependently. Arrows indicate transcriptional regulation of key mediators of hypoxia adaptation, iron homeostasis, and ergosterol synthesis in response to either hypoxia or iron limitation. Note that heme, siderophore metabolism, susceptibility to azole drugs, expression of “erg” genes, and sterol levels are potential common themes controlled during the fungal adaptation processes.