Table 2.
Bivariate (M1) and multivariate (M2–M4) models of the associations between CAs and first onset of DSM-IV mental disorders (n=6,483)1
| M12 | M23 | M34 | M45 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |
| Maladaptive Family Functioning CAs | ||||||||
| Emotional Abuse | 1.9* | (1.7–2.2) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) | -- | -- | 1.3* | (1.1–1.6) |
| Physical Abuse | 2.1* | (1.7–2.6) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4) | -- | -- | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) |
| Sexual Abuse | 2.2* | (1.9–2.6) | 1.7* | (1.4–2.1) | -- | -- | 1.7* | (1.4–2.0) |
| Neglect | 2.2* | (1.6–3.0) | 1.3* | (1.0–1.7) | -- | -- | 1.4* | (1.1–1.7) |
| Parent Mental Illness | 1.7* | (1.6–1.9) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.5) | -- | -- | 1.2* | (1.1–1.7) |
| Parent Substance | 1.7* | (1.4–2.0) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | -- | -- | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) |
| Parent Criminal | 1.8* | (1.6–2.0) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.5) | -- | -- | 1.2* | (1.0–1.4) |
| Family Violence | 2.0* | (1.8–2.2) | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) | -- | -- | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) |
| χ28 | -- | 291.8* | 49.7* | |||||
| Other CAs | ||||||||
| Parent Death | 1.3* | (1.1–1.6) | 1.2* | (1.0–1.5) | -- | -- | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4) |
| Parent Divorce | 1.4* | (1.3–1.5) | 1.2* | (1.1–1.3) | -- | -- | 1.1* | (1.0–1.2) |
| Other Parent Loss | 1.6* | (1.2–2.1) | 1.2* | (1.0–1.5) | -- | -- | 1.2 | (1.0–1.5) |
| Economic Adversity | 1.3* | (1.1–1.6) | 1.1 | (1.0–1.2) | -- | -- | 1.0 | (0.9–1.5) |
| χ24 | -- | 28.0* | -- | 7.1) | ||||
| χ212 | -- | 775.3* | 63.8* | 63.8* | ||||
| Number of CAs | ||||||||
| 0 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1.8* | (1.6–2.2) | -- | -- |
| 2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2.4* | (2.0–2.8) | 1.3* | (1.1–1.6) |
| 3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 2.6* | (2.1–3.1) | 1.5* | (1.2–1.8) |
| 4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 3.0* | (2.5–3.6) | 1.4* | (1.1–1.8) |
| 5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 3.8* | (2.9–5.0) | 1.3 | (1.0–1.8) |
| 6 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 4.6* | (3.5–6.0) | 1.4 | (0.9–2.3) |
| 7+ | -- | -- | -- | -- | 1.4* | (1.2–1.6) | 1.4 | (0.8–2.4) |
| χ27 | -- | -- | -- | -- | 320.6* | 30.0* | ||
Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test
Models were estimated in a discrete-time survival framework with person-year as the unit of analysis. A separate person-year file was created for each of the 14 disorders and survival analysis was performed using the pooled set of all 14 of these data files, thereby forcing the slopes to be constant across the 14 disorders. Each model controlled for person-year, age, sex, race/ethnicity, 13 dummy variables for the outcome disorder category, and included controls for the previous onset of comorbid conditions.
Models were estimated with one CA at a time and the controls noted in footnote 1.
The model was estimated with all 12 CAs and the controls noted in footnote 1.
The model was estimated with dummy variables for the number of CAs without any information about CA type and the controls in footnote 1.
The model was estimated with dummy variables for both number and type of CAs plus the controls noted in footnote 1.