Table.
Systemic Infusion of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for Clinical and Pre-clinical Therapies
| Species | Disease | Major Organs Affected | Immunological Mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human | Graft vs. host disease (GVHD) | Gut and liver | Inhibition of donor T-cell reactivity to the normal tissues of the recipient | Le Blanc et al., 2004; Prasad et al., 2011 |
| Human and mouse | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | Bone and kidney | Osteoblastic niche reconstruction; inhibition of Th17 and promotion of Tregs | Sun et al., 2009; Yamaza et al., 2010 |
| Human and mouse | Systemic sclerosis (SS) | Skin | Induction of T-cell apoptosis and up-regulation of Tregs through coupling of FAS/ FAS ligand (FASL) | Akiyama et al., 2012 |
| Human | Crohn’s disease | Bowels and gastrointestinal tract | Mucosal T-cell apoptosis in the bowels and gastrointestinal tract | Ciccocioppo et al., 2011; Mannon, 2011 |
| Human and mouse | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury, lung fibrosis | Lung | Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production | Ortiz et al., 2007; Matthay et al., 2010; Pollack, 2012 |
| Human, rat, and mouse | Diabetes | Pancreas and renal glomeruli | Alteration of T-cell cytokine pattern and preservation of Tregs; inhibition of macrophage infiltration | Lee et al., 2006; Boumaza et al., 2009; Mabed and Shahin, 2012 |
| Human, swine, and mouse | Myocardial infarction | Heart | IL-10-mediated switch from infiltration of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory macrophages; SDF-1/CXCR4-induced engraftment | Freyman et al., 2006; Hare et al., 2009; Dayan et al., 2011; Dong et al., 2012 |
| Monkey | Graft rejection | Skin | Inhibition of T-cells | Bartholomew et al., 2002 |
| Rat | Acute renal failure | Kidney | Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production | Togel et al., 2005 |
| Mouse | Colitis | Colon and small intestine | Induction of T-cell apoptosis and up-regulation of Tregs through coupling of FAS/FASL, or secretion of immunosuppressive factors | Zhang et al., 2009; Akiyama et al., 2012 |
| Mouse | Encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis | Nerve system | Inhibition of myelin-specific T-cells | Zappia et al., 2005 |
| Mouse | Rheumatoid arthritis | Joint | Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine-producing T-cells and induction of Tregs | Augello et al., 2007 |
| Mouse | Acute pancreatitis | Pancreas | Reducing infiltration of CD3+ T-cells and up-regulation of Tregs | Jung et al., 2011 |