Table 1.
Participant Characteristics (N = 675)
| % | M | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.49 | 5.95 | |
| Education (years) | 13.85 | 2.94 | |
| Cognition | |||
| Cognitive status (MMSE) | 28.11 | 1.58 | |
| Reading ability (WRAT) | 56.87 | 6.75 | |
| Speed (Pattern Comparison) | 25.57 | 6.01 | |
| Memory (RAVLT) | |||
| Immediate | 39.82 | 8.14 | |
| Delayed | 6.74 | 3.12 | |
| Income (past 12 months) | |||
| Less than $5,000 | 6.1 | ||
| $5,000–14,999 | 23.1 | ||
| $15,000–34,999 | 35.2 | ||
| $35,000–74,999 | 27.4 | ||
| $75,000 or greater | 6.8 | ||
| Sex | |||
| Male | 15.4 | ||
| Female | 84.6 | ||
| Race | |||
| African-American | 90.5 | ||
| European-American | 5.1 | ||
| Depressive symptoms(number of reported symptoms) | |||
| Less than 5 | 96.9 | ||
| 5 to 10 | 2.5 | ||
| More than 10 | 0.5 | ||
| Health conditions | |||
| Hypertension | 74.0 | ||
| Diabetes | 31.6 | ||
| Transient ischemic attack | 6.9 | ||
| Physical Health | |||
| Excellent | 9.6 | ||
| Very Good | 44.3 | ||
| Good | 35.2 | ||
| Fair | 10.7 | ||
| Poor | 0.3 | ||
Note. MMSE = Mini-mental State Exam; WRAT = Wide Range Achievement Test; RAVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Depressive symptoms were measures by the number of reported symptoms on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS); higher scores are associated with greater likelihood of depressive symptomatology.