Bezafibrate treatment reduced inflammation in P301S mice. (A) Immunohistochemical staining with the CD11b antibody in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. (B) Intensity (density) of CD11b in P301S mice fed a control diet (Tg Control, n = 4) and P301S mice fed a bezafibrate diet (Tg Bezafibrate, n = 5; scale bar: 100 μm). Administration of bezafibrate significantly reduced microglial activation in the brains of P301S mice (unpaired t-tests, *P < 0.05). Levels of iNOS (C) and COX2 (F) mRNA in wild-type mice fed a control diet (Wt Control, n = 7), wild-type mice fed a bezafibrate diet (Wt Bezafibrate, n = 6), P301S mice fed a control diet (Tg Control, n = 7) and P301S mice fed a bezafibrate diet (Tg Bezafibrate, n = 5). Western blots of iNOS (D) and COX2 (G) protein and their quantifications by optical densities normalized to β-actin (E and H) in wild-type mice fed a control diet (Wt Control, n = 4), wild-type mice fed a bezafibrate diet (Wt Bezafibrate, n = 2), P301S mice fed a control diet (Tg Control, n = 5) and P301S mice fed a bezafibrate diet (Tg Bezafibrate, n = 5). P301S mice had significantly elevated inflammation relative to their wild-type littermates (Fisher's PLSD, †P < 0.05). After bezafibrate treatment, both iNOS and COX2 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased in P301S mice (Fisher's PLSD, *P < 0.05).