Table 3.
Risk of bias assessment of RCTs
| GRADE Criterion* | Study number | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| 1. Allocation concealment? | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ |
| 2. Blinding? | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ |
| 3. Power analysis? | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ |
| 4. Use of intention to treat analysis? | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| 5. Use of validated outcome measure? | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ |
| 6. Loss to follow-up ≤ 20% | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ |
| 7. Controlled for clustering effects? | N/A | N/A | ✓ | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 8. Assessed program fidelity? | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ |
*
When studies failed to report it is assumed that the method was not employed
N/A: Not applicable