TABLE 2—

Weighted Socioeconomic and Health Characteristics of Participants Aged 18 to 64 Years, by Transgender Status: Massachusetts BRFSS 2007–2009

Characteristics	No.a	Transgender (n = 131), % (95% CI)	Nontransgender (n = 28 045), % (95% CI)	Full Sample Transgender vs Nontransgender		Male Sounding Transgender vs Nontransgender		Female Sounding Transgender vs Nontransgender
				OR (95% CI)	Wald χ2(df) P	OR (95% CI)	Wald χ2(df) P	OR (95% CI)	Wald χ2(df) P
Socioeconomic status
Any college education	28 176	52.5 (36.2, 68.3)	70.5 (69.5, 71.4)	0.64 (0.30, 1.34)	1.41(1) .24	0.61 (0.14, 2.74)	0.41(1) .52	0.61 (0.31, 1.20)	2.03(1) .15
Employment status	28 176				8.31(2) .02		9.44(2) .01		3.20(2) .2
Unemployed		32.9 (18.4, 51.7)	11.9 (11.3, 12.5)	3.21 (1.44, 7.18)		4.11 (1.20, 14.03)		2.46 (0.91, 6.64)
Not in workforce		11.3 (4.2, 26.9)	13.0 (12.2, 13.7)	1.03 (0.36, 2.98)		0.22 (0.04, 1.37)		1.26 (0.42, 3.82)
Employed		55.7 (38.7, 71.5)	75.2 (74.2, 76.0)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Percentage povertyb	28 176				5.35(2) .07		8.92(2) .01		1.45(2) .49
0%–99%		31.2 (13.9, 56.1)	9.3 (8.5, 10.0)	3.07 (1.13, 8.29)		6.14 (1.66, 22.77)		1.83 (0.52, 6.42)
100%–199%		20.9 (7.0, 48.3)	17.9 (17.0, 18.8)	1.31 (0.40, 4.27)		2.40 (0.48, 11.98)		0.83 (0.25, 2.72)
≥ 200%		47.9 (30.2, 66.1)	72.8 (71.8, 73.8)	1.00		1.00
Health care access
No health insurance	28 125	13.8 (4.6, 34.9)	5.6 (5.1, 6.2)	1.57 (0.41, 5.98)	0.44(1) .51	2.11 (0.31, 14.20)	0.59(1) .44	0.67 (0.22, 1.99)	0.53(1) .47
Public health insurance (Medicaid/Medicare) vs private or other	23 327	22.8 (12.4, 38.0)	13.8 (13.0, 14.6)	1.25 (0.33, 4.73)	0.11(1) .74	0.89 (0.12, 6.89)	0.01(1) .92	1.67 (0.62, 4.50)	1.02(1) .31
No regular provider	28 117	7.7 (3.5, 16.3)	11.7 (11.0, 12.5)	0.38 (0.13, 1.09)	3.24(1) .07	0.15 (0.03, 0.63)	6.69(1) .01	0.88 (0.24, 3.25)	0.04(1) .84
Did not see doctor because of cost in past 12 mo	28 130	6.5 (2.8, 14.2)	7.4 (6.9, 7.9)	0.61 (0.23, 1.61)	1.01(1) .32	0.72 (0.18, 2.84)	0.22(1) .64	0.45 (0.10, 2.13)	1.01(1) .31
No checkup in past 12 mo	25 021	14.6 (8.2, 24.8)	25.2 (24.3, 26.2)	0.51 (0.26, 1.01)	3.69(1) .05	0.23 (0.08, 0.64)	7.75(1) .01	0.95 (0.40, 2.24)	0.01(1) .91
General health
Fair or poor self-rated health	28 098	11.9 (6.2, 21.7)	9.8 (9.3, 10.3)	1.0 (0.46, 2.15)	0.00(1) > .99	0.70 (0.24, 2.08)	0.40(1) .53	1.38 (0.55, 3.45)	0.48(1) .49
Activity limitation because of disability	27 898	22.5 (12.2, 37.6)	15.5 (14.9, 16.2)	1.69 (0.80, 3.60)	1.86(1) .17	2.14 (0.60, 7.64)	1.38(1) .24	1.35 (0.56, 3.22)	0.45(1) .5
≥ 15 d poor physical health in past 30 d	27 823	10.2 (3.3, 27.4)	7.2 (6.8, 7.7)	1.47 (0.42, 5.10)	0.37(1) .54	0.97 (0.34, 2.75)	0.00(1) .95	1.90 (0.37, 9.91)	0.59(1) .44
Weightbc	26 492				14.13(3) < .001		10.30(3) .02		4.65(3) .2
Underweight		6.6 (1.1, 30.4)	1.9 (1.6, 2.2)	2.77 (0.47, 16.26)		0.77 (0.06, 9.24)		3.52 (0.51, 24.29)
Normal		46.3 (30.0, 63.5)	40.9 (39.9, 42.0)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Overweight		15.1 (8.6, 25.3)	35.6 (34.6, 36.6)	0.37 (0.18, 0.76)		0.28 (0.08, 1.07)		0.51 (0.22, 1.19)
Obese		32.0 (17.7, 50.7)	21.6 (20.8, 22.4)	1.21 (0.48, 3.04)		1.39 (0.26 7.36)		1.02 (0.42, 2.45)
No exercise in past 30 d	28 162	13.9 (7.8, 23.6)	19.3 (18.5, 20.1)	0.53 (0.26, 1.07)	3.11(1) .08	0.34 (0.11, 1.01)	3.75(1) .05	0.74 (0.32, 1.68)	0.53(1) .47
HIV screening
Lifetime test	26 507	42.2 (27.2, 58.7)	42.1 (41.1, 43.1)	0.91 (0.43, 1.94)	0.06(1) .81	1.16 (0.31, 4.33)	0.05(1) .82	0.71 (0.30, 1.68)	0.60(1) .44
HIV test in past year	23 882	16.8 (7.0, 35.0)	9.8 (9.1, 10.5)	1.73 (0.57, 5.28)	0.93(1) .34	3.17 (0.61, 16.57)	1.87(1) .17	0.82 (0.18, 3.69)	0.07(1) .8
Chronic health conditions
Diabetes	28 148	6.6 (2.7, 15.2)	5.2 (4.8, 5.5)	1.53 (0.62, 3.78)	0.85(1) .36	2.74 (0.95, 7.91)	3.46(1) .06	0.40 (0.11, 1.43)	1.99(1) .16
Heart disease	28 064	2.5 (0.7, 8.9)	1.9 (1.7, 2.2)	1.51 (0.43, 5.30)	0.41(1) .52	2.57 (0.72, 9.18)	2.11(1) .15	1.00 (0.64, 1.56)	0.00(1) > .99
Asthma	16 972	17.6 (8.5, 33.0)	15.7 (14.8, 16.6)	1.03 (0.43, 2.46)	0.00(1) .95	0.66 (0.16, 2.71)	0.32(1) .57	1.40 (0.48, 4.04)	0.38(1) .54
Substance use
Current smoker	28 056	36.2 (21.3, 54.3)	17.3 (16.6, 18.1)	2.70 (1.31, 5.57)	7.19(1) .01	3.89 (1.32, 11.52)	6.04(1) .01	1.94 (0.75, 5.00)	1.88(1) .17
Binge drinking, past 30 d	27 621	25.1 (12.0, 45.4)	20.7 (19.9, 21.7)	1.24 (0.49, 3.16)	0.21(1) .65	1.83 (0.55, 6.10)	0.97(1) .32	0.84 (0.18, 3.86)	0.05(1) .82
Mental health and quality of life
≥ 15 d poor mental health in past 30 d	27 784	14.3 (4.8, 35.7)	9.8 (9.2, 10.4)	1.44 (0.45, 4.63)	0.37(1) .54	3.23 (0.68, 15.49)	2.16(1) .14	0.48 (0.20, 1.12)	2.91(1) .09
Get the emotional support you need never to sometimes vs usually or always	26 719	30.4 (15.8, 50.3)	18.2 (17.4, 19.0)	1.87 (0.89, 3.91)	2.73(1) .1	2.50 (0.85, 7.40)	2.76(1) .1	1.40 (0.58, 3.40)	0.56(1) .46
Dissatisfied with your life	26 810	14.4 (5.8, 31.2)	5.6 (5.2, 6.1)	2.75 (0.98, 7.70)	3.73(1) .05	6.18 (1.69, 22.52)	7.61(1) .01	0.51 (0.14, 1.88)	1.01(1) .31

Note. BRFSS = Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. The sample size was n = 28 176. Odds ratios were adjusted for age and race/ethnicity. All CIs were design-adjusted.

^aNumber of participants who answered the survey item in the aggregate sample.

^bFederal poverty thresholds set by the US Census Bureau for each year (2007–2009).¹⁶

^cMutually exclusive weight groups were created based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for body mass index (defined as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters).