TABLE 2—
Client Outcomes Over 2 Years in Housing First Program Among Chronically Homeless Persons With Alcohol Addiction and Psychiatric Disorders: Washington, DC, 2007–2008
| Outcome | After 6 Months (n = 33) | After 1 Year (n = 33) | After 2 Years (n = 23) | |||
| Mean (SD) | tdf (%) | Mean (SD) | tdf (%) | Mean (SD) | tdf (%) | |
| Psychological distressa | 0.39* (0.55) | 4.233 (-21) | 0.14 (0.57) | 1.431 (-08) | 0.72* (0.62) | 5.622 (-40) |
| Alcohol spending, $ | 63* (87) | 4.232 (-79) | 49* (10) | 2.731 (-61) | 56* (64) | 4.222 (-79) |
| Alcohol impactb | … | … | 2.2* (5.5) | 2.231 (-30) | 3.6* (5.2) | 3.829 (-48) |
| Recovery scorec | -0.08* (0.8) | -5.431 (26) | -0.8* (0.9) | -5.229 (29) | -1.2* (1.6) | -5.720 (45) |
Note. Because service coordinators had little experience with clients at intake to assess the impact alcohol use had in client functioning, we computed a baseline score with which to assess change by 6 months. For year 2 assessments, we interviewed only participants still enrolled in the program and housed with assertive community treatment or community support services.
Computed from client self-reports on Brief Symptom Inventory and Global Severity Index.9
Computed from an interaction score for use and impact responses on a Likert-type scale.
Computed from the Ridgeway Recovery subscale.10
*P < .05.