Figure 1.
The legume specialist VBC elicits weaker defense responses than the generalist FAW on cowpea leaves. A and B, Average (n = 4; +se) ET production (A) at 1 h and DMNT tissue pools (B) at 4 h after cowpea leaves were treated as undamaged controls (Con) or damaged and treated with 5 μL of water (Dam), VBC OS, or FAW OS. C, Average (n = 7; +se) cowpea leaf tissue pools of DMNT at 4 h after a single feeding bout by VBC and FAW larvae. D, Average (n = 4; +se) whole-plant cowpea volatile emission of DMNT during continuous herbivore feeding damage by eight early sixth instar VBC and FAW larvae. Different letters above the bars (a–c) represent significant differences (all ANOVA P values were P < 0.007; Tukey’s test corrections for multiple comparisons were at P < 0.05). FW, Fresh weight.