TABLE 1—
Characteristics of 14 Evaluation Studies of Interventions for Adolescent Parents: 1996–2011
| Characteristic | Randomized Controlled Trials (n = 8) | Quasi-experimental Studies (n = 6) |
| Demographics and setting | Mean age = 16–17 y | Mean age = 15–16 y |
| Enrolled majority African Americans (n = 4) | Enrolled majority African Americans (n = 6) | |
| Enrolled pregnant adolescents (n = 2); enrolled parenting adolescents (n = 3); enrolled both (n = 3) | Enrolled pregnant adolescents (n = 2), enrolled both (n = 2), not described (n = 2) | |
| Urban settings (n = 7) | Urban settings (n = 4), statewide samples (n = 2) | |
| Incorporated theory or model | 8 | 0 |
| Program characteristics | Paraprofessional staff (n = 5) | Professional staff (n = 6) |
| Program duration 24 mo (n = 6); 12 mo (n = 2) | Program duration unclear or not described (n = 5) | |
| Program strategies | Home visiting (n = 6) | Case management (n = 5) |
| Group classes or meeting (n = 4) | Clinical care (n = 4) | |
| Case management (n = 3) | Group meetings (n = 3) | |
| Home visiting (n = 2) | ||
| Sample size at baseline | > 200 (n = 4); < 200 (n = 4) | Treatment group > 300 (n = 4), < 100 (n = 2); comparison group > 250 (n = 6) |
| Attrition | > 40% (n = 3); differential (n = 4) | NA (n = 5) |
| Outcomes | Repeat pregnancy or birth (n = 6) | Repeat birth (n = 3) |
| Social support (n = 2) | Healthy births (n = 2) | |
| Parenting behaviors/skills (n = 2) | Prenatal care receipt (n = 2) | |
| Child abuse, neglect, injury (n = 2) | Welfare receipt (n = 1) | |
| Child health and development (n = 2) | Educational progress (n = 1) | |
| Educational progress (n = 2) | ||
| Reported effect sizes | 4 | 4 |
| Limitations | Program dosage varied between groups or significantly less dosage was delivered (n = 4) | Nonrandomized (n = 6) |
| Selection bias (n = 6) | ||
| Demographics varied between treatment groups or between participants who completed program and those who dropped out (n = 3) | Demographic differences between participants in each treatment group (n = 5) | |
| Limited generalizability (n = 4) | Limited by use of historical record data (n = 4) | |
| Limited generalizability (n = 6) |
Note. NA = not applicable.