Table 5. Leisure time physical activity and multivariable hazard ratio of mortality and years of life gained after age 40 for all participants and according to gender and race/ethnicity.
| Variable | Physical Activity Level (MET-h/wk) | |||||
| 0 | 0.1–3.74 | 3.75–7.4 | 7.5–14.9 | 15.0–22.4 | 22.5+ | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Men | ||||||
| Number of deaths | 5,767 | 10,975 | 4,241 | 12,713 | 7,443 | 10,033 |
| Multivariable HR | 1.0 | 0.84 | 0.77 | 0.69 | 0.60 | 0.59 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 0.81, 0.87 | 0.74, 0.80 | 0.67, 0.71 | 0.58, 0.63 | 0.57, 0.61 |
| Years of life gained | — | 1.6 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 4.7 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 1.4, 1.8 | 2.0, 2.6 | 3.1, 3.5 | 4.3, 4.7 | 4.4, 4.9 |
| Women | ||||||
| Number of deaths | 3,987 | 7,377 | 2,727 | 7,715 | 4,371 | 5,116 |
| Multivariable HR | 1.0 | 0.76 | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.60 | 0.56 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 0.73, 0.79 | 0.68, 0.75 | 0.61, 0.66 | 0.57, 0.62 | 0.54, 0.59 |
| Years of life gained | — | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.5 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 1.7, 2.5 | 2.3, 3.1 | 3.1, 4.0 | 3.4, 4.6 | 4.1, 5.0 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White (European descent) | ||||||
| Number of deaths | 9,334 | 17,535 | 6,543 | 19,592 | 11,168 | 14,520 |
| Multivariable HR | 1.0 | 0.81 | 0.76 | 0.68 | 0.61 | 0.59 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 0.79, 0.83 | 0.74, 0.79 | 0.66, 0.70 | 0.59, 0.63 | 0.58, 0.61 |
| Years of life gained | — | 1.9 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 4.3 | 4.5 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 1.7, 2.1 | 2.2, 2.6 | 3.2, 3.6 | 4.1, 4.6 | 4.3, 4.7 |
| Black (African descent) | ||||||
| Number of deaths | 260 | 442 | 217 | 386 | 298 | 255 |
| Multivariable HR | 1.0 | 0.83 | 0.71 | 0.61 | 0.71 | 0.54 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 0.71, 0.97 | 0.59, 0.85 | 0.52, 0.71 | 0.60, 0.84 | 0.46, 0.65 |
| Years of life gained | — | 2.6 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 3.6 | 6.4 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 1.2, 4.1 | 2.0, 5.3 | 3.5, 7.1 | 2.0, 5.1 | 4.2, 8.5 |
| Education | ||||||
| High school or less | ||||||
| Number of deaths | 3,985 | 6,311 | 2,116 | 5,777 | 3,061 | 4,353 |
| Multivariable HR | 1.0 | 0.84 | 0.76 | 0.69 | 0.65 | 0.62 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 0.81, 0.87 | 0.72, 0.80 | 0.66, 0.72 | 0.62, 0.69 | 0.59, 0.65 |
| Years of life gained | — | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 4.3 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 1.4, 2.0 | 2.0, 3.0 | 3.0, 3.7 | 3.6, 4.3 | 4.0, 4.6 |
| Some college or post-high-school training | ||||||
| Number of deaths | 3,040 | 5,988 | 2,429 | 6,836 | 3,986 | 4,925 |
| Multivariable HR | 1.0 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.66 | 0.60 | 0.57 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 0.75, 0.82 | 0.70, 0.78 | 0.64, 0.69 | 0.57, 0.63 | 0.54, 0.59 |
| Years of life gained | — | 2.2 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 5.1 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 1.8, 2.6 | 2.5, 3.2 | 3.3, 4.1 | 4.3, 5.1 | 4.7, 5.5 |
| College graduate | ||||||
| Number of deaths | 2,294 | 5,644 | 2,238 | 7,332 | 4,425 | 5,440 |
| Multivariable HR | 1.0 | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.67 | 0.60 | 0.59 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 0.76, 0.84 | 0.74, 0.83 | 0.64, 0.71 | 0.57, 0.63 | 0.56, 0.62 |
| Years of life gained | — | 1.9 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 4.5 |
| 95% CI | Ref | 1.5, 2.2 | 1.6, 2.5 | 2.9, 3.7 | 4.0, 4.8 | 4.1, 4.9 |
HRs were calculated in models stratified by study that used age as the underlying time scale. Multivariable models were adjusted for gender, alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–14.9, 15.0–29.9, 30.0+ g/d), education (did not complete high school, completed high school, post-high-school training, some college, completed college), marital status (married, divorced, widowed, unmarried), history of heart disease, history of cancer, BMI (<18.5, 18.5–19.9, 20–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25–27.4, 27.5–29.9, 30+ kg/m2), and smoking status (never, former, current). If a covariate was a stratification variable for a particular model, then it was excluded from multivariable adjustment. Years of life expectancy gained after age 40 were derived using direct adjusted survival curves [31],[32] for participants who were 40+y of age at baseline (97.5% of participants).