Table 2.

Means (and Standard Deviations) for Demographic Variables, Reading Component Processes, Single Word Reading, and Cognitive Correlates for Dyslexic Subtypes

	Mild	Pure phonological	Pure surface	Relative phonological	Relative surface	Mixed
n	54	68	10	179	34	92
Age (years)	10.99 (1.74)^a	10.45 (1.68)^{a, b}	11.27 (1.99)^{a, b}	9.88 (1.41)^{b, c}	9.14 (1.09)^c	10.65 (1.49)^a
% female	44.4%	69.1%	40.0%	44.7%	32.4%	39.1%
% Caucasian	89.1%	80.4%	100.0%	72.9%	82.1%	80.0%
Mother ed (years)	13.62 (2.41)	13.82 (2.31)	13.80 (2.57)	13.84 (2.29)	14.06 (2.10)	14.04 (2.21)
PC¹	−0.90 (0.41)^a	−2.56 (0.67)^b	−0.58 (0.31)^a	−3.26 (0.61)^c	−2.14 (0.79)^d	−2.09 (0.52)^d
OC²	−0.88 (0.51)^a	−0.51 (0.35)^b	−2.13 (0.41)^c	−2.24 (0.85)^c	−3.45 (0.67)^d	−2.22 (0.64)^c
Word rec³	−1.60 (0.49)^a	−2.03 (0.69)^b	−1.76 (0.79)^{a, b, c}	−2.75 (0.77)^d	−2.43 (0.79)^{b, c, d}	−2.37 (0.68)^c
Exception words	−1.60 (0.85)^a	−2.13 (1.05)^a	−2.01 (1.37)^{a, b, c}	−3.68 (1.82)^{b, c}	−3.55 (1.59)^{b, c, d}	−2.47 (1.41)^{a, d}
PA⁴	−0.44 (0.78)^a	−2.11 (1.42)^b	−0.64 (1.22)^{a, c}	−3.07 (1.51)^d	−1.76 (1.76)^{b, c}	−1.54 (1.23)^{b, c}
PM⁵	−0.82 (1.15)^{a, b}	−1.47 (1.41)^a	−0.57 (0.90)^{a, b}	−1.28 (1.30)^a	−1.46 (1.23)^{a, b}	−0.75 (1.08)^b
Vocabulary	−1.34 (1.00)^a	−1.19 (0.93)^a	−1.56 (1.13)^a	−1.43 (1.08)^a	−1.09 (1.27)^a	−1.31 (1.05)^a
Vocabulary ss⁵	9.19 (2.07)	9.78 (2.20)	8.70 (2.58)	8.88 (2.67)	9.50 (3.26)	9.25 (2.50)
Rapid Naming	−0.53 (1.03)	−0.65 (0.84)	−1.32 (0.62)	−0.81 (0.99)	−1.10 (1.01)	−0.94 (1.02)
Print Exposure	−1.01 (0.90)	−1.11 (1.00)	−1.21 (0.99)	−1.41 (0.86)	−1.21 (1.05)	−1.25 (1.05)

Note. Cells with the same superscript within a row do not differ at the p<.05 level (Tukey). All scores represent age-corrected z-scores unless otherwise noted

Phonological coding composite.

Orthographic coding composite.

Single word recognition composite.

⁴

Phonological awareness composite.

⁵

Phonological memory.

⁵

Vocabulary scaled score