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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2012 Sep;18(9):1413–1417. doi: 10.1038/nm.2886

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Synaptic function-related genes, the number of spine synapses and MAP2 expression are decreased in dlPFC of MDD subjects. In situ hybridization analysis of five of the dysregulated genes that were confirmed by PCR analysis, including (a) calmodulin 2, (b) synapsin I, (c) Rab3A, (d) Rab4B, and (e) beta-tubulin 4. Representative images of the control (top) and MDD (bottom) autoradiographs (scale bar, 5 mm), and quantitative analysis (bar graphs) are shown. Results represent means ± S.E.M.s (n = 5). *P < 0.05 compared to control (unpaired t-test). (f) Levels of MAP2 were quantified by western blot analysis. Representative blot and quantitative results are shown. Results represent the mean ± S.E.M. (n = 4). *P < 0.05 compared to control (unpaired t-test). (g) Representative images of immunohistochemistry of MAP2 in dlPFC of control (upper) and MDD subjects (lower) (scale bar, 2 mm). (h) High power representative electron micrograph. Arrowheads point to examples of spine synapses (scale bar, 500 nm). Synapses were quantified in layer II/III of dlPFC (PFC II/III), and the results represent the mean ± SD (n = 5), *P < 0.05 compared to control (unpaired t-test).