Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Maternal characteristics | N1 (%) or Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Age at delivery (years) | |
| <20 | 83 (3.6) |
| 20–24 | 540 (23.6) |
| ≥ 25 | 1666 (72.8) |
| Marital status | |
| Single/Widowed/Divorced/Other | 310 (13.1) |
| Married | 2051 (86.9) |
| Number of prior pregnancies | |
| 0 | 539 (22.8) |
| 1–3 | 1632 (69.1) |
| ≥ 4 | 191 (8.1) |
| Formal education (years) | |
| 0 | 158 (6.7) |
| 1–7 | 1700 (71.9) |
| ≥ 8 | 507 (21.4) |
| Occupation | |
| Housewife without income | 1528 (66.5) |
| Housewife with income | 200 (8.7) |
| Business woman | 130 (5.7) |
| Other | 440 (19.2) |
| Mid-Upper Arm Circumference during pregnancy (cm) | 25.9 ± 3.2 |
| Height (cm) | 155.2 ± 6.1 |
| WHO HIV disease stage | |
| 1 | 1040 (72.8) |
| 2 | 215 (15.1) |
| ≥ 3 | 174 (12.2) |
| Received ARVs during pregnancy2 | 429 (20.2) |
|
| |
|
Socioeconomic characteristics
| |
| Daily food expenditure per person in household <500 TShs | 304 (13.6) |
| Household possessions3 | |
| 0 | 339 (14.4) |
| 1–2 | 1091 (46.2) |
| 3–4 | 931 (39.4) |
|
| |
|
Child characteristics
| |
| Female sex | 1098 (46.0) |
| Low birthweight (<2,500 g) | 161 (7.0) |
| Preterm birth (gestational age < 37 weeks) | 357 (15.2) |
| Place of birth | |
| Home | 50 (2.2) |
| Hospital/clinic | 2233 (97.8) |
| Apgar score ≤ 7 at 5 min | 87 (4.1) |
| Child fed colostrum at birth | 1861 (90.3) |
| Child received BCG immunization as a newborn | 1859 (90.2) |
| HIV-positive at 6 weeks | 264 (11.3) |
1
Total N=2387
2
The standard first line regimen for mothers was stavudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine
3
From a list that includes fan, refrigerator, sofa, radio/television