Table 1.

Manifestations of Lyme borreliosis in children and adolescents (modified from Huppertz [12])

Early manifestations can be observed after some days up to a few weeks after infection and are self-limiting. Assessment of antibodies in serum may still be unremarkable or show an early seroconversion including IgM antibodies and low-titer IgG antibodies against B. burgdorferi. Late manifestations show up months to years after infection, may become chronic and, in rare cases, lead to lasting organ damage. Serological results show high-titer IgG antibodies against B. burgdorferi; IgM antibodies may persist. EIA enzyme immunoassay, IB immunoblot