Table 2.
Adjusted OR and 95% CI for New-Onset Diabetes According to Single Lifestyle Risk Factors Stratified by Sex
| Men |
Women |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Cases | ORa | 95% CI | n (%) | Cases | ORa | 95% CI | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||||
| 18.5–24.9 | 36841 (32.0) | 1443 | 0.30 | 0.29, 0.32 | 43541 (47.1) | 1140 | 0.22 | 0.21, 0.24 |
| ≥ 25.0 | 78155 (68.0) | 9598 | 1.00 | referent | 48942 (52.9) | 5829 | 1.00 | referent |
| Diet scoreb | ||||||||
| Top two quintiles | 50518 (43.9) | 4061 | 0.85 | 0.82, 0.89 | 40796 (44.1) | 2439 | 0.82 | 0.78, 0.87 |
| Bottom three quintiles | 64478 (56.1) | 6970 | 1.00 | referent | 51687 (55.9) | 4530 | 1.00 | referent |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Never or quit ≥ 10 years | 92898 (80.8) | 8281 | 0.76 | 0.72, 0.80 | 70319 (76.0) | 5044 | 0.84 | 0.79, 0.89 |
| Current or quit ≤ 10 years | 22098 (19.2) | 2750 | 1.00 | referent | 22164 (24.0) | 1925 | 1.00 | referent |
| Moderate alcohol consumptionc | ||||||||
| Yes | 39903 (34.7) | 3226 | 0.81 | 0.78, 0.85 | 13237 (14.3) | 565 | 0.63 | 0.57, 0.69 |
| No | 75093 (65.3) | 7805 | 1.00 | referent | 79246 (85.7) | 6404 | 1.00 | referent |
| Regular physical activityd | ||||||||
| Yes | 59350 (51.6) | 4650 | 0.76 | 0.73, 0.79 | 40620 (43.9) | 2272 | 0.77 | 0.73, 0.82 |
| No | 55646 (48.4) | 6381 | 1.00 | referent | 51863 (56.1) | 4697 | 1.00 | referent |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
a
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, each of the other lifestyle risk factors in the table, and for women, use of hormone replacement
b
Defined as a dietary score consisting of glycemic index, trans-fat, dietary fiber, and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat.
c
Moderate alcohol consumption is defined as 5–29.9 g/day for men and 5–14.9 g/day for women.
d
Regular physical activity is defined as participation in at least 20 minutes of physical activity ≥3–4 times/week that caused increases in breathing or heart rate or produced perspiration.