Fig 1.
Ad5-HA vaccination elicits IFN-γ responses to both homologous and heterologous viruses. Pigs were vaccinated intranasally with Ad5-empty or Ad5-HA (CA09) on day 0. PBMC were isolated on day 21 or 42 postvaccination from pigs vaccinated with Ad5-empty or Ad5-HA, and an ELISpot assay was used to determine the number of IFN-γ SC in 5 × 105 PBMC following stimulation in vitro for 18 h with live IAV strain A/CA/04/09 (A) or A/SW/MN/2011/08 (B). (C) PBMC were also collected from pigs in the kaCA group, and the number of IFN-γ SC was determined by ELISpot assay. Results are reported as means ± standard errors of the means (SEM), and statistical differences between nonvaccinated and vaccinated groups challenged with the same virus are indicated with connecting bars and asterisks (P < 0.05).