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Mucosal immune responses to Ogawa OSPc:BSA (OSP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) from baseline (day 2). (A) Mean circulating antigen-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA ASC responses to Ogawa OSP, LPS, and CtxB with standard error bars. (B) ALS IgA responses to Ogawa OSP and LPS in healthy controls (HC) and Ogawa- and Inaba-infected patients. RF, responder frequencies.
