Table 2.
MTO effects on post-randomization housing and neighborhood conditions of adult participants interviewed in long-term survey. Table shows average outcomes for control group adults and intention-to-treat (ITT) contrast of outcomes for adults assigned to treatment (pooling the low-poverty and traditional voucher groups) rather than control. Housing and neighborhood conditions measured from long-term survey data and Census tract-level data interpolated from the 1990 and 2000 decennial censuses and the 2005–09 American Community Survey. ITT calculated using OLS regression controlling for baseline covariates, using weights (see Table 1 note, and supplemental materials sections 1 and 5).
| MTO treatment (voucher) groups vs. control |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control mean |
ITT | SE | N | |
| Census tract characteristics | ||||
| Share poor at different points in time | ||||
| 1 year post-random assignment | 0.499 | −0.160*** | (0.007) | 3224 |
| 5 years post-random assignment | 0.399 | −0.089*** | (0.007) | 3208 |
| 10–15 years post-random assignment (May 2008) | 0.311 | −0.034*** | (0.007) | 3206 |
|
Share poor for all addresses since random assignment (duration-weighted) |
||||
| Share poor | 0.396 | −0.082*** | (0.005) | 3270 |
| Share poor, z-score using U.S. tract poverty distribution |
2.082 | −0.666*** | (0.041) | 3270 |
| Share poor, z-score using MTO control group tract poverty distribution |
0.000 | −0.653*** | (0.040) | 3270 |
| Duration-weighted poverty rate is… | ||||
| Less than 20% | 0.054 | 0.196*** | (0.013) | 3270 |
| Less than 30% | 0.242 | 0.237*** | (0.018) | 3270 |
| Less than 40% | 0.512 | 0.206*** | (0.018) | 3270 |
| Share minority | ||||
| 10–15 years post-random assignment (May 2008) | 0.844 | −0.024** | (0.009) | 3206 |
| All addresses since random assignment (duration- weighted) |
0.880 | −0.046*** | (0.006) | 3270 |
| Residential mobility | ||||
| Number of moves after random assignment | 2.165 | 0.584*** | (0.068) | 3273 |
|
Self-reports on long-term (10–15 year) follow-up surveys about neighborhood and housing conditions |
||||
| Feel unsafe during day | 0.196 | −0.039** | (0.015) | 3262 |
| Number of housing problems (0–7) | 2.051 | −0.380*** | (0.076) | 3267 |
| Likely or very likely to report kids spraying graffiti (collective efficacy) |
0.589 | 0.064*** | (0.020) | 3255 |
| One or more friends with college degree | 0.532 | 0.049** | (0.020) | 3203 |
***
= P<.01,
**
= P<.05,
*
= P<.10 on two-tailed t-test.