Table 1.
Seropositivity for Arboviral Antibodies in Horses by ELISA and HIA
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No. (%) positive for flaviviral antibodies |
No. (%) positive for alphaviral antibodies |
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No. of horses tested |
SLEV |
WNVb |
EEEV |
VEEV |
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| Location type | Locationa | SLEV, EEEV and VEEV | WNV | ELISA | HIA | ELISA | HIA | ELISA | HIA | ELISA | HIA |
| Stud farm | Arima | 63 | 1 | 7 (11.1) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (14.3) | 9 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Santa Cruz | 30 | 3 | 5 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (100) | 3 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| D'Abadie | 28 | 4 | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.6) | 2 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Freeport | 10 | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Chaguanas | 37 | 4 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Wallerfield | 60 | 13 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (6.7) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (15.4) | 6 (10.0) | 5 (8.3) | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Heights of Guanapo | 20 | 0 | 6 (30.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Arouca | 12 | 8 | 3 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Petit Valley | 11 | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Mayaro | 15 | 1 | 5 (33.3) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Moruga | 14 | 2 | 1 (7.1) | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Gasparillo | 7 | 0 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Princes Town | 1 | 1 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Valencia | 7 | 2 | 1 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Subtotal | 315 | 43 | 31 (9.8) | 9 (2.9) | 6 (14.0) | 8 (18.6) | 21 (6.7) | 19 (6.0) | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Equestrian facility | Chaguaramas | 6 | 4 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Santa Cruz | 10 | 0 | 3 (30.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Piarco | 3 | 2 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| St. Anns | 6 | 0 | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Guanapo | 16 | 3 | 3 (18.8) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Subtotal | 41 | 9 | 8 (19.5) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Race track | Arima | 150 | 6 | 10 (6.7) | 3 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (33.3) | 5 (3.3) | 3 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Total | 506 | 58 | 49 (9.7) | 13 (2.6) | 7 (12.1) | 10 (17.2) | 26 (5.1) | 22 (4.3) | 4 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
a
Results of 4 locations were merged due to overlap of global positioning system points.
b
Includes only unvaccinated and locally-bred horses.
ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HIA, hemagglutination inhibition assay; SLEV, St. Louis encephalitis virus; EEEV, eastern equine encephalitis virus; VEEV, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus; WNV, West Nile virus.