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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Prev Med. 2012 Oct;43(4):434–439. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.020

Table 2.

Determinants of change of physical activity from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy

Intensity Domain
Total METs Sedentary Light Moderate Vigorous Household/Caregiving Occupational Transportation Sports/Exercise
Beta SE p-value Beta SE p-value Beta SE p-value Beta SE p-value Beta SE p-value Betaa SE p-value Betaa SE p-value Betaa SE p-value Betaa SE p-value
Age (years)
 16–19 −1.39 2.14 0.51 −1.78 0.54 <0.01 −0.01 0.95 0.99 0.35 1.50 0.81 −0.23 0.42 0.58 −1.31 1.35 0.33 −0.03 1.19 0.97 0.49 0.54 0.37 −0.91 0.94 0.33
 20–24 Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - -
 25–30 −2.39 2.39 0.31 0.17 0.61 0.77 −2.26 1.06 0.03 0.14 1.67 0.93 −0.86 0.47 0.06 −3.07 1.52 0.04 2.20 1.32 0.09 −0.45 0.60 0.45 −1.82 1.05 0.08
 >30 −4.27 2.77 0.12 −0.31 0.70 0.65 0.29 1.23 0.81 −3.67 1.93 0.06 −0.38 0.54 0.47 0.83 1.76 0.63 −2.89 1.53 0.06 −0.32 0.70 0.64 −2.14 1.21 0.07
 p-trend 0.18 0.06 0.49 0.07 0.29 0.83 0.36 0.13 0.11
BMI
 <18.5 −0.86 3.59 0.81 0.39 0.93 0.67 −3.03 1.60 0.05 1.79 2.54 0.48 −0.04 0.71 0.95 −1.07 2.28 0.63 1.36 2.01 0.49 −1.02 0.92 0.26 −1.45 1.59 0.35
 18.5–24.9 Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - -
 25–29.9 −1.37 2.00 0.49 −0.31 0.51 0.54 0.38 0.89 0.66 −0.76 1.40 0.58 −0.79 0.39 0.05 1.66 1.27 0.19 −1.53 1.11 0.17 −0.31 0.51 0.54 −1.47 0.87 0.09
 >30 −0.41 1.99 0.83 −0.02 0.51 0.97 −1.50 0.88 0.08 0.93 1.38 0.49 −0.17 0.39 0.66 −0.99 1.25 0.42 0.73 1.09 0.50 0.14 0.50 0.77 −0.59 0.86 0.49
 p-trend 0.72 0.69 0.51 0.95 0.33 0.71 0.93 0.69 0.48
Educational status
 <High school Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - -
 High school −0.78 1.84 0.66 −0.40 0.47 0.39 0.20 0.82 0.80 −0.61 1.29 0.63 0.16 0.36 0.64 −0.16 1.17 0.88 −0.60 1.02 0.55 0.65 0.47 0.16 −0.19 0.81 0.81
 Some college/graduate −2.32 2.34 0.32 −1.52 0.64 0.01 −0.52 1.04 0.61 0.19 1.64 0.90 −0.35 0.46 0.44 0.10 1.49 0.94 −0.44 1.30 0.73 −0.17 0.59 0.76 −0.73 1.02 0.47
 p-trend 0.63 0.09 0.94 0.17 0.98 0.34 0.50 0.65 0.47
Annual household income
 ≤$15,000 Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - -
 >$15,000–$30,000 3.94 2.54 0.12 0.97 0.64 0.13 −0.34 1.12 0.75 2.25 1.76 0.20 0.70 0.49 0.15 0.72 1.61 0.65 1.37 1.39 0.32 0.23 0.64 0.72 1.15 1.10 0.29
 >$30,000 3.55 3.23 0.27 0.25 0.82 0.76 2.07 1.43 0.15 1.50 2.27 0.50 −0.07 0.64 0.90 0.76 2.05 0.71 2.24 1.79 0.21 −0.36 0.82 0.66 0.95 1.42 0.50
 Don’t know/refused/missing 0.42 1.92 0.82 0.21 0.49 0.65 −0.17 0.85 0.84 −0.05 1.34 0.96 0.28 0.37 0.45 0.36 1.22 0.76 0.75 1.06 0.47 −0.15 0.49 0.75 −0.32 0.84 0.70
 p-trend 0.86 0.62 0.89 0.71 0.97 0.77 0.61 0.65 0.30
Parity
 0 Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - -
 1 9.73 2.04 <0.01 1.28 0.52 0.01 1.03 0.90 0.23 6.79 1.43 <0.01 0.86 0.40 0.03 0.48 1.30 0.71 3.91 1.13 <0.01 1.17 0.52 0.02 3.64 0.89 <0.01
 ≥2 12.04 2.39 <0.01 1.60 0.61 0.13 1.44 1.06 0.17 8.23 1.67 <0.01 0.82 0.47 0.08 1.47 1.52 0.33 4.26 1.32 <0.01 1.86 0.61 <0.01 3.43 1.04 <0.01
 p-trend <0.01 <0.01 0.10 <0.01 0.04 0.23 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Early-pregnancy major depression
 No Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - -
 Yes −2.86 2.10 0.17 −0.61 0.53 0.25 −1.26 0.93 0.17 −0.27 1.47 0.85 −1.13 0.41 <0.01 −1.12 1.33 0.39 0.15 1.13 0.89 −0.02 0.53 0.96 −1.75 0.92 0.06
Total pre-pregnancy
 1st quartile-23.5 Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - - Ref - -
 2nd quartile-38.5 −9.07 2.26 <0.01 −0.15 0.57 0.78 −2.43 1.00 0.02 −6.18 1.57 <0.01 −0.28 0.44 0.52 −2.89 1.43 0.04 −3.35 1.24 <0.01 −0.10 0.57 0.86 −1.96 0.98 0.05
 3rd quartile-54.6 −14.76 2.26 <0.01 −1.05 0.58 0.06 −2.83 1.01 <0.01 −10.04 1.59 <0.01 −0.93 0.44 0.03 −5.56 1.44 <0.01 −3.77 1.25 <0.01 −1.22 0.57 0.03 −3.64 0.99 <0.01
 4th quartile-101.5 −43.57 2.27 <0.01 −1.68 0.58 <0.01 −9.19 1.01 <0.01 −29.58 1.59 <0.01 −3.23 0.44 <0.01 −13.21 1.44 <0.01 −11.83 1.25 <0.01 −3.99 0.57 <0.01 −12.98 0.99 <0.01
 p-trend <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01