Figure 1. Widespread exacerbation of sepsis outcomes by CKD.
CKD was induced by 5/6Nx in CD-1 mice, and CLP surgery was performed 4 weeks later. Organ injury was measured at 18 h after sham (white bar) or CLP (black bar) surgery. Renal function was determined by serum creatinine (A) and BUN (B), liver function was determined by ALT (C), AST (D), inflammation was determined by serum cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) (E–G), renal injury was determined by semi-quantitative measurement of renal vacuolized tubules (H), and splenic apoptosis (I) was measured by activated caspase 3 (n=6–7). *, P<0.05 vs. control sham; #, P<0.05 vs. control CLP; +, P<0.05 vs. 5/6 Nx sham.