Table 2.
Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women
| Study Site | Author | Sample Size, No. | HIV Positive, % | Location of Tuberculosis Screening | Prevalence |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TST+, % | IGRA, % | |||||
| Low-burden countries | ||||||
| United States | Mofenson et al25 | 46 | 100 | ANC, inpatient, postpartum clinic | 11 | … |
| United States | Medchill et al26 | 1497 | 0 | ANC | 15 | … |
| United States | Schulte et al10 | 176 | 100 | ANC | 26 | … |
| United States | Schwartz et al11 | 3847 | 0 | ANC | 50a | … |
| United States | Chehab et al27 | 102 | 0 | ANC | 10 | 7 |
| United States | Worjoloh et al28 | 199 | 0 | ANC | 23b | 14c |
| High-burden countries | ||||||
| India | Gupta et al14 | 688 | 100 | ANC, inpatient | 21 | … |
| India | Mathad et al24 | 152 | 0 | ANC | 18 | 34 |
| Kenya | Jonnalagadda et al15 | 333 | 100 | ANC | … | 36d |
| South Africa | Nachega et al8 | 318 | 100 | Postpartum clinic | 49 | … |
| Tanzania | Sheriff et al29 | 286 | 14.5 | ANC | HIV+: 23, HIV– : 31 | … |
Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal clinic; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IGRA, interferon-γ release assay; TST, tuberculin skin test.
a A total of 89% were foreign-born.
b A total of 65% were born in tuberculosis-endemic countries.
c QuantiFERON-TB In-Tube.
d TSPOT.TB (on cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells).