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. 2012 May 8;175(12):1303–1310. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwr458

Appendix Figure 2.

Appendix Figure 2.

Diagrams representing factors responsible for measurement error other than the true variables, as in the paper by Hernán and Cole (18). A represents true exposure; A*, measured exposure; Y, the true outcome; Y*, the measured outcome; UA, and UY, factors responsible for measurement errors other than the true exposure and outcome, respectively; and U, a variable leading to correlated errors.