Table 2: A Typology of Secodary Stressors.
Category | Examples from the literature |
---|---|
Economic | Loss of continuing loss of income 11
,
12
,
16
,
30
,
31
,
34
Loss or lack of employment 6 , 10 , 11 , 16 , 19 , 22 , 27 , 28 Impact on house values 31 |
Difficulties with compensation | Lack of help, advice and information for applications to insurers and providers of grants or loans 30
,
34
,
35
Conflicting information 35 Applications for insurance payouts or state grants delayed or denied 16 , 32 , 34 , 35 |
Problems with recovery and rebuilding homes | Continuing lack of essential services 7
,
22
,
31
Lack of information or advice to understand the application process for rebuilding property 34 , 35 Progressive damage to houses 6 , 13 , 16 , 19 , 22 , 24 , 37 Continuing to live in temporary accommodation 16 , 18 , 20 , 22 Lack of housing assistance 10 Problems with restoration of homes or property 30 , 35 Dealing with daily life and recovery processes 14 , 28 , 35 |
Loss of physical possessions or resources | Loss of car, furniture, appliances and clothing, including items of sentimental value 11 , 13 , 19 |
Health | New or continuing health concerns or conditions 11
,
13
,
14
,
22
,
31
Lack of access to healthcare 10 , 22 Lack of access to psychosocial care 10 Lack of access to prescription medication 10 |
Education and Schooling | Lack of education opportunities or facilities 11
Loss of socialisation that is part of attending school 6 , 8 Changing to new schools or education establishments 6 , 8 |
The media | Exposure to negative media reports 23 |
Familial | Breakdown of relationships and loss of intimacy 11
,
12
,
14
,
22
,
26
,
28
,
29
,
31
Breakdown in household activities and functioning 11 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 28 , 36 Breakdown of familial resilience 30 , 36 Changes to household composition 6 Parental psychopathology 4 , 15 , 21 , 33 Impact on parenting skills 15 , 17 , 29 , 33 Physical and mental abuse and neglect of partners or children 15 , 17 , 29 , 33 |
Social | Physical separation from friends 6
Disruption to social networks and relationships 11 , 14 , 21 , 24 , 28 , 30 , 34 , 36 Reduction in level of social support 7 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 23 |
Leisure and recreation | Disruption to leisure and relaxation activities 11 , 14 , 28 |
Changes in the view of the world or oneself | Loss of control and agency 11
,
14
,
25
Loss of aspirations for the future 11 , 14 Fear of recurrence of an extreme event 22 , 23 , 35 |