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. 2012 Nov 7;7(11):e49510. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049510

Table 4. Carnitine metabolites of dogs after consuming control* or treatment foods for 194 days. .

Control Food Increased (n-3) FA Food Increased(n-3) and (n-6)FA Food Two-way ANOVA Analysis(P values)
Number of Animals, N 13 12 13 Diet Main Effect Time Main Effect Diet by Time Main Effect
Added Fish Oil, % 0 0.6 1.5
Added L-carnitine, mg/kg 0 300 300
Added Coconut and Corn Oils, Reduced Animal Fat (+,–) +
Carnitine 0.71a 1.22b 1.12 <0.10 <0.05
Deoxy-carnitine 0.95 0.95 0.89 <0.05
Acetyl-carnitine 1.08 1.57a 1.48a <0.05 <0.05
Stearoyl-carnitine 1.49 4.00a 0.84 <0.05 <0.05
Propionyl-carnitine 1.22 1.58a 1.85a <0.05 <0.05
Succinyl-carnitine 1.04 1.25a 1.39a <0.05 <0.10
Glutaroyl-carnitine 1.36a 1.62a 1.63a <0.05
2-methylbutyroyl-carnitine 1.10 2.03a 1.87a <0.05 <0.05
Isovaleryl-carnitine 0.99 1.71a 1.84a <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Hydroxyisovaleroyl-carnitine 0.90b 1.01 1.02
*

PrescriptionDiet® k/d®, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc.

Using serum values from baseline, each animal served as its own control. Data are presented relative to baseline as fold change. All data were log-transformed prior to statistical analysis.

a

Indicates significantly increased or decreased fold-change between the diet group shown and baseline at P<0.05.

b

Indicates fold-change values that are trends but missed the significant cutoff (P>0.05, P<0.10).