Table 2. Univariate analysis to determine risk factors for pneumothorax*.
| Variables | Pneumothorax (n = 13) | No pneumothorax (n = 386) | p value |
| Age, yr | |||
| 67±13 | 64±13 | 0.411 | |
| ≧65 | 9 (61) | 200 (52) | 0.216 |
| <65 | 4 (31) | 186 (48) | |
| Sex | 0.236 | ||
| Male | 10 (77) | 234 (61) | |
| Female | 3 (23) | 152 (39) | |
| Prior lung surgery | 0.181 | ||
| Yes | 1 (8) | 5 (1) | |
| No | 12 (92) | 381 (99) | |
| Lesion size, cm | |||
| 3.1±1.6 | 3.4±1.5 | 0.381 | |
| ≧3 | 6 (46) | 220 (57) | 0.438 |
| <3 | 7 (54) | 166 (43) | |
| Lesion location | 0.084 | ||
| Upper lobes | 10 (77) | 203 (53) | |
| Middle and lower lobes | 3 (23) | 183 (47) | |
| Emphysema on CT scan | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 9 (69) | 36 (9) | |
| No | 4 (31) | 350 (91) | |
| Character of the lesion | 0.001 | ||
| Solid | 6 (46) | 333 (86) | |
| Others# | 7 (54) | 53 (14) | |
| Probe position | 0.004 | ||
| Within | 5 (39) | 296 (77) | |
| Adjacent to | 8 (61) | 90 (23) | |
| No. of specimens | |||
| 3.9±1.1 | 4.2±1.4 | 0.327 | |
| ≧4 | 6 (46) | 202 (52) | 0.661 |
| <4 | 7 (54) | 184 (48) | |
| Diagnosis | 0.528 | ||
| Diagnosis achieved | 11 (85) | 279 (72) | |
| No diagnosis | 2 (15) | 107 (28) | |
| Year of the procedure | 0.999 | ||
| 2007 | 2 (15) | 58 (15) | |
| 2008–2011 | 11 (85) | 328 (85) |
*
Data are presented as mean±SD or No. (%).
#
Cavity, mixed ground-glass opacity, and pure ground-glass opacity.