Table 1. Predictions for hypothesis one (female philopatry, female kin-based groups, and female bonded groups) and hypothesis two (female dispersal, not kin-based groups, and male-female bonded groups).

Dispersal	Kin composition		Social relationships
Male-biased dispersal with obligate male dispersal and predominant female philopatry:	Female kin-based groups:		Female bonded:
a) females reside longer than males in their natal group*;b) females reside longer than males in any given group towhich they belong*; c) more males than females will immigrateand emigrate during our study#; and d) more females than malesare classified as natal while more malesthan females are classified as immigrants#.	a) female-female but not male-maledyads have higher mean R within groupsthan between groups*; and b) female-femalebut not male-male dyads have highermean R than randomly drawn dyadsfrom the same group#.		a) female-female dyads (but not male-male or male-female dyads) have higher mean proximity scores than randomly drawn dyads from the same group#.
No sex bias in dispersal with obligate male dispersal and predominant female dispersal:	Not kin-based groups:	Male-female bonded:
a) no tenure difference between males and females intheir natal group; b) no tenure difference between malesand females in any given group to which they belong; c) nodifference in number of males and females immigratingand emigrating during our study#; andd) no difference in number of males and femalesthat are classified as natal or immigrant#.	a) male-male and female-femaledyads do not have higher mean R withinthan between groups; and b) same-sexeddyads do not have higher mean R than randomlydrawn dyads from the same group#.	a) male-female dyads (but not male-male or female-female dyads) have higher mean proximity scores than randomly drawn dyads from the same group.

^*Supported in this study.

^#Partly supported in this study.