Figure 2. Detrusor smooth muscle contraction in response to the muscarinic agonist carbachol (A), the purinergic P2X agonist α,β-methylene-ATP (B), electrical-field stimulation (C), KCl (D) and CaCl₂ (E) in bladder strips from control and obese mice.

Data represent the mean ± SEM for 6 to 7 mice each group. * p<0.05, ** p<0.01 compared with control group.