Figure 6. Tetracycline inhibiting the autophagy to suppress the activation of NF-κB pathway.

Ischemia could induce the autophagy which in turns activated the IKK via phosphorylation. The activated IKK phosphorylated the IκBα to liberate NF-κB and allow it to translocate to the nucleus. The phosphorylated NF-κB binds to its binding sites in the target genes to initiate their transcriptions. These proteins played essential roles in inflammatory process.