Table 1.

Study characteristics for technology based-interventions for people living with HIV included in the systematic review

Author, Year	Journal	Location	Health Behavior	Technology Intervention	Sample	Results
Aharonovich et al., 2012	In press, AIDS Care		Drug Use	I: Motivational Interviewing with daily brief patient calls C: Motivational Interviewing Only	Non-injection drug users, HIV+	HealthCall was found to be feasible and acceptable; Between groups effect size of .062 favoring HealthCall arm
Brown et al., 2011	AIDS Care	New York, USA	Stress management	I: Computer administered stress management intervention C: Delayed treatment	HIV+ women; Intervention N=30; Control N=30	Improved stress management knowledge (p<.01); No significant differences in depressive symptoms, psychological distress, perceived stress and coping self-efficacy compared to control
da Costa et al., 2012	International Journal of Medical Informatics	Brazil	Medication adherence	I: SMS text messages on alternating days 30 minutes before dose time C: Received no text messages	HIV+ women; Intervention N=8; Control N=13	Adherence for the intervention condition was higher for self-report, pill counting and MEMS though not significantly
Dowshen et al., 2012	Journal of Medical Internet Research	United States	Medication adherence	Pre-post design; Daily SMS reminders and interactive follow-up messages	HIV+ youth (ages 14-29) N= 25	Daily SMS reminders for HIV+ youth were found to be feasible and acceptable. Adherence based on the Visual-Analog Scale was signficiant (d= 1.13, p<.001) as was self-reported recall (d=.73, p=.005). Viral load and CD4 cell count changes were not significant.
Fisher et al., 2011	AIDS and Behavior	Connecticut, USA	Medication adherence	I: Interactive computer-based adherence intervention C: Standard of Care and general assessment	HIV+ adults recruited from clinics; Intervention N= 290; Control N= 204	The intervention condition was significantly higher on perfect 3-day adherence measures. Significant differences were not found for decreases in viral load.
Gray et al., 2011	Journal of Health Psychology	Southeastern United States	Medication adherence	Pre-post design; 7 alternating home and telephone sessions	HIV+ adolescents N= 4	Estimated higher adherence during intervention; Positive and neutral trends in adherence across treatment; Decreased barriers to adherence for all participants.
Hardy et al., 2011	AIDS Patient Care and STDS	Boston, Massachusetts, USA	Medication adherence	I: Personalized daily text messages C: Reminder beep at time of dosing	HIV+ adults recruited from HIV clinic; Intervention N=10 Control N= 9	Adherence based on MEMS caps was significantly higher for the personalized text message condition (p=.002). Pill count and self-reported adherence measures were not significantly different.
Kalichman et al., 2011	AIDS Patient Care and STDS	Atlanta, Georgia, USA	Medication adherence	I: 4 self-regulation counseling sessions over the phone C: Contact matched phone calls	HIV+ adults; Intervention N= 21; Control N=19	Adherence based on unannounced pill counts was significantly higher for the intervention condition (effect sizes ranging from d= .45 to d= .80. Participants in the intervention condition also showed greater medication self-efficacy (effect sizes ranging from d=.33 to d=.65)
Lewis et al., 2012	In press, Health Psychology		Medication adherence	Text Message		Self reported adherence significantly improved, viral load significantly decreased, CD4 count significantly increased
Pop-Eleches et al., 2011	AIDS	Kenya	Medication adherence	C: No messages I1: Short daily text messages I2: Long daily text messages I3: short weekly text messages I4: long weekly text messages	HIV+ adults initiating cART; Control N= 139; I1 N= 70; I2 N=72; I3 N=73; I4 N=74	Those receiving weekly text messages had significantly higher adherence averaged across all time points compared to the control. Weekly reminders also significantly reduced the frequency of treatment interruptions.
Uzma et al., 2011	Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC)	Pakistan	Medication adherence	I: weekly phone reminders C: routine counseling	HIV+ adults on first-line ART; Intervention N=38; Control N= 38	Those in the intervention condition had significantly better self-reported adherence (p<.001) and significantly lower viral load (p=.012).
Vidrine et al., 2011	Nicotine & Tobacco Research	Houston, Texas, USA	Smoking Cessation	I: cell phone intervention C: usual care	HIV+ adults who smoke more than 5 cigarettes a day; Intervention N= 236; Control N= 238	Those in the intervention condition had significantly higher smoking abstinence rates than those in the control condition (continuous abstinence p=.001).