Example of an episode with severe physical and chemical weather (2010 Russian heatwave): a air temperature at 2 m (C), based on 12-h-ECMWF deterministic forecast, valid at 2010-08-08 1200UTC, b SILAM-predicted fine PM from wild-land fires (μg PM2.5 m−3), valid at 2010-08-08 2000UTC, c MODIS aerosol optical depth at 550-nm wavelength, valid at 2010-08-08