Table I.

Differentially expressed genes in benign prostate tissue samples, prostate cancer samples and samples obtained following surgical castration. ^a

			Fold overexpression
Symbol	Description	P-value	Cancer vs. benign	Benign/cancer vs. castrated
CRISP3	Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3	<0.001	5.78	−3.08
FOS	FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homologue	<0.001		4.76
PCGEM1	Prostate-specific transcript 1 (non-protein coding)	<0.001		4.42
MYBPC1	Myosin binding protein C, slow type	<0.001		4.30
PCA3	Prostate cancer antigen 3 (non-protein coding)	<0.001	4.18	3.74
OR51E2	Olfactory receptor, family 51, subfamily E, member 2	<0.001	4.01	3.29
ANPEP	Alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase	<0.001		3.84
DPP4	Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4	0.005		3.79
GCNT2	Glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2, I-branching enzyme (I blood group)	0.001		3.73
HOXC6	Homeobox C6	0.003	3.69	−2.62
AGR3	Anterior gradient homologue 3 (Xenopus laevis)	0.003	3.63	3.00
RGS1	Regulator of G-protein signalling 1	0.002		3.55
NR4A2	Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2	0.002		3.50
DUSP1	Dual specificity phosphatase 1	0.011		3.48
AMACR	α-methylacyl-CoA racemase	0.008	3.40	3.00
LOC728606	Hypothetical LOC728606	0.015		3.36
DLX1	Distal-less homeobox 1	0.011	3.30
VEGFA	Vascular endothelial growth factor A	0.004		3.30
MSMB	Microseminoprotein, β-	0.006		3.21
TDO2	Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	0.025		3.19
NCAPD3	Non-SMC condensin II complex, subunit D3	0.008		3.14
EGR1	Early growth response 1	0.027		3.14
CD38	CD38 molecule	0.008		3.13
C15orf48	Chromosome 15 open reading frame 48	0.022	3.11
RASD1	RAS, dexamethasone-induced 1	0.030		3.09
AGR2	Anterior gradient homologue 2 (Xenopus laevis)	0.023	3.07
SORD	Sorbitol dehydrogenase	0.012		3.02
C12orf56	Chromosome 12 open reading frame 56	0.037		3.01
SFTPA2	Surfactant protein A2	0.037		2.99
ST6GALNAC1	ST6 (α-N-acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-β-galactosyl-1,3)-N-acetylgalactosaminide α-2,6-sialyltransferase 1	0.038		2.98
ACADL	Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long chain	0.013		2.98
EGR3	Early growth response 3	0.044		2.94
ERG	V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homologue (avian)	0.045	2.90
FOSB	FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homologue B	0.016		2.90
SCD	Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (δ-9-desaturase)	0.024		2.80
GNMT	Glycine N-methyltransferase	0.028		2.76
CCK	Cholecystokinin	0.028		2.75
PEBP4	Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 4	0.031		2.72
ATF3	Activating transcription factor 3	0.031		2.71
HLA-DQA1	Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ α 1	0.032		2.70
SELE	Selectin E	0.035		2.66
PENK	Proenkephalin	0.043		2.61
CD177	CD177 molecule	0.048		2.58
MALAT1	Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-protein coding)	0.032		−2.69
ASPN	Asporin	0.029		−2.74
PSPH	Phosphoserine phosphatase	0.027		−2.77
SLC14A1	Solute carrier family 14 (urea transporter), member 1 (Kidd blood group)	0.048	−2.88	−3.05
HBB	Haemoglobin, β	0.016		−2.89
SCGB1A1	Secretoglobin, family 1A, member 1(uteroglobin)	0.045	−2.91
KRT14	Keratin 14	0.032	−2.99
NEFH	Neurofilament, heavy polypeptide	0.022	−3.10
TMEM45B	Transmembrane protein 45B	0.007		−3.16
GPM6A	Glycoprotein M6A	0.027		−3.17
RLN1	Relaxin 1	0.016	−3.21
GREM1	Gremlin 1	0.004		−3.29
MME	Membrane metallo-endopeptidase	0.004	−3.57
CXCL13	Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13	0.003	−3.67
CYP3A5	Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 5	0.001	−3.92
WIF1	WNT inhibitory factor 1	<0.001	−4.14

^aGene symbols and gene descriptions are presented.

P-values for differential expression were produced using Chipster software. Only genes with P-values <0.05 are presented. Negative values in the fold overexpression column indicate that the gene was underexpressed in cancer compared with benign samples or underexpressed in benign or cancer samples compared with castrated samples.