Table 6.

Interactions of Systemic Inflammation, Overweight, Diabetes, and Gender With Adjusted Percent Change in SDNN per Interquartile-Range Increase in Prior 4-Hour Moving Average Exposure to Air Pollution in Single-Pollutant, Mixed-Effects Models^a, Beijing, China, 2007–2008

Interaction Variable	PM2.5		Black Carbon		Nitrogen Dioxide		Sulfur Dioxide		Carbon Monoxide		Ozone
	Effect	95% CI	Effect	95% CI	Effect	95% CI	Effect	95% CI	Effect	95% CI	Effect	95% CI
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/L
>1.76	−3.2	−7.2, 1.1	−2.5	−6.8, 2.0	−15.5	−19.3, −11.5	19.3	9.6, 29.8	−8.2	−15.3, −0.4	7.3	2.2, 12.7
≤1.76	−1.6	−4.0, 1.0	−0.3	−2.9, 2.4	−1.4	−3.3, 1.0	0.1	−0.8, 1.0	−1.7	−4.9, 1.5	−2.0	−4.0, 0.1
P valueb	0.51		0.44		<0.001		<0.001		0.13		<0.001
Overweight status (body mass indexc ≥25)
≥25 (overweight)	−9.3	−13.0, −5.4	−8.8	−12.6, −4.9	−4.9	−7.7, −2.0	0.8	−0.4, 2.0	−2.3	−7.2, 2.8	0.7	−2.6, 4.2
<25 (normal weight)	1.4	−1.0, 3.9	0.9	−1.7, 3.7	−3.7	−5.7, −1.5	−2.1	−3.9, −0.2	3.6	−0.1, 7.5	−2.2	−4.3, 0.0
P value	<0.001		<0.001		0.49		0.01		0.07		0.16
Diabetic status
Diabetes	1.2	−2.1, 4.6	1.5	−2.0, 5.2	3.0	0.3, 5.7	3.9	2.3, 5.5	2.5	−2.3, 7.4	−7.2	−9.8, −4.5
No diabetes	−5.1	−7.6, −2.5	−5.1	−7.7, −2.3	−6.0	−7.9, −3.9	−0.1	−1.2, 0.9	−1.2	−4.8, 2.6	1.2	−1.1, 3.6
P value	0.003		0.003		<0.001		<0.001		0.24		<0.001
Gender
Female	−4.8	−7.2, −2.4	−9.3	−11.7, −6.8	−8.2	−10.1, −6.3	−0.8	−1.8, 0.3	−10.4	−13.6, −7.2	1.6	−0.7, 4.0
Male	−2.7	−6.7, 1.52	1.6	−2.7, 6.0	0.6	−2.4, 3.7	2.6	1.0, 4.4	7.5	1.9, 13.4	−10.3	−18.0, −1.9
P value	0.38		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		0.01

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PM_2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm; SDNN, standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals.

^a Results were adjusted for age, body mass index, gender, time of day, day of the week, visit, temperature, and relative humidity.

^b P for difference between subgroups, by Z test.

^c Weight (kg)/height (m)².