Table 6.
Interaction Variable | PM2.5 |
Black Carbon |
Nitrogen Dioxide |
Sulfur Dioxide |
Carbon Monoxide |
Ozone |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect | 95% CI | Effect | 95% CI | Effect | 95% CI | Effect | 95% CI | Effect | 95% CI | Effect | 95% CI | |
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/L | ||||||||||||
>1.76 | −3.2 | −7.2, 1.1 | −2.5 | −6.8, 2.0 | −15.5 | −19.3, −11.5 | 19.3 | 9.6, 29.8 | −8.2 | −15.3, −0.4 | 7.3 | 2.2, 12.7 |
≤1.76 | −1.6 | −4.0, 1.0 | −0.3 | −2.9, 2.4 | −1.4 | −3.3, 1.0 | 0.1 | −0.8, 1.0 | −1.7 | −4.9, 1.5 | −2.0 | −4.0, 0.1 |
P valueb | 0.51 | 0.44 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.13 | <0.001 | ||||||
Overweight status (body mass indexc ≥25) | ||||||||||||
≥25 (overweight) | −9.3 | −13.0, −5.4 | −8.8 | −12.6, −4.9 | −4.9 | −7.7, −2.0 | 0.8 | −0.4, 2.0 | −2.3 | −7.2, 2.8 | 0.7 | −2.6, 4.2 |
<25 (normal weight) | 1.4 | −1.0, 3.9 | 0.9 | −1.7, 3.7 | −3.7 | −5.7, −1.5 | −2.1 | −3.9, −0.2 | 3.6 | −0.1, 7.5 | −2.2 | −4.3, 0.0 |
P value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.49 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.16 | ||||||
Diabetic status | ||||||||||||
Diabetes | 1.2 | −2.1, 4.6 | 1.5 | −2.0, 5.2 | 3.0 | 0.3, 5.7 | 3.9 | 2.3, 5.5 | 2.5 | −2.3, 7.4 | −7.2 | −9.8, −4.5 |
No diabetes | −5.1 | −7.6, −2.5 | −5.1 | −7.7, −2.3 | −6.0 | −7.9, −3.9 | −0.1 | −1.2, 0.9 | −1.2 | −4.8, 2.6 | 1.2 | −1.1, 3.6 |
P value | 0.003 | 0.003 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.24 | <0.001 | ||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Female | −4.8 | −7.2, −2.4 | −9.3 | −11.7, −6.8 | −8.2 | −10.1, −6.3 | −0.8 | −1.8, 0.3 | −10.4 | −13.6, −7.2 | 1.6 | −0.7, 4.0 |
Male | −2.7 | −6.7, 1.52 | 1.6 | −2.7, 6.0 | 0.6 | −2.4, 3.7 | 2.6 | 1.0, 4.4 | 7.5 | 1.9, 13.4 | −10.3 | −18.0, −1.9 |
P value | 0.38 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PM2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm; SDNN, standard deviation of the normal-to-normal intervals.
a Results were adjusted for age, body mass index, gender, time of day, day of the week, visit, temperature, and relative humidity.
b P for difference between subgroups, by Z test.
c Weight (kg)/height (m)2.