Table 5.

Information of theRASSFgenes studied in relation to tumorigenesis

Symbol	Chr	Product	Methylated in cancer	Comment
RASSF1A	3p21	Ras association domain family member 1	NB tumors and cell lines [4] as well as various human cancers, reviewed in [6]	TSG involved in regulation of cell proliferation. Promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, involved in migration and maintenance of genomic stability (reviewed in [6]). KO of RASSF1A in mice enhances spontaneous tumor formation [18]; [19]
RASSF2	20p13	Ras association domain family member 2	Colorectal cancer [13], gastric cancer [20], nasopharyngeal carcinoma [21], breast-, lung and NSCLC tumors [22], thyroid cancer [23], pancreatic cancer [24]	Function as a TSG, reduces colony formation, promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest [25]; [15]; [21]; [22]; [23]
RASSF4	10q11	Ras association domain family member 4	Kidney-, breast- and lung cancer cell lines, breast- and lung primary tumors [14]	Have growth inhibitory properties and promotes apoptosis in lung- and breast tumor cell lines [14]
RASSF5	1q32	Ras association domain family member 5	NB cell lines [26]; [27], lung-, breast-, colorectal-, and kidney tumor cell lines and in primary NSCLC tumors [28], Wilms tumor [29], CCRCC [30], gastric cancer [20], colon cancer [13], squamous cell cancer of head and neck [31], hepatocellular carcinoma [32]	Also called NORE1 and forms heterodimers with RASSF1A [33]. Associate with microtubules and act growth inhibitory by a process involving p53. Promotes apoptosis when overexpressed or in the presence of activated Ras [34]. Neuroblastoma tumors, especially non MYCN-amplified, show suppressed NORE1A expression [27]
RASSF6	4q13	Ras association domain family member 6	Childhood leukemia [10]	Putative TSG in childhood leukemia [10]. Promotes apoptosis [35]. Downregulated at both mRNA and protein level in gastric cancer. Gastric cancer patients with RASSF6-negative tumors had worse outcome and higher recurrence rate than patients with RASSF6-positive tumors [36]
RASSF7	11p15	Ras association domain family (N-terminal) member 7		Centrosome associated protein necessary for spindle formation and completion of mitosis in the neural tube in Xenopus [8]. Required for completion of mitosis in human cells and KO results in mitotic arrest [37]
RASSF8	12p12	Ras association domain family (N-terminal) member 8	Childhood leukemia cell lines [10]	TSG candidate in lung cancer [38]. KO enhances anchorage independent growth in soft agar and promotes tumor formation in mice [39]
RASSF10	11p15	Ras association domain family (N-terminal) member 10	Childhood leukemia [10], thyroid cancer [40], primary glioblastomas and astrocytomas [41], malign melanoma [42]	Suggested as a regulator of mitosis. Over-expression decrease colony formation in soft agar [41]

Chr, chromosome; TSG, tumor suppressor gene; KO, knock out; NSCLS, non-small cell lung cancer; CCRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; LOH, loss of heterozygosity.