Table 1.
Baseline characteristics grouped by GOLD stage
| Parameter | All | GOLD I | GOLD II | GOLD III | GOLD IV | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
N |
253 |
18 |
73 |
105 |
57 |
|
|
Age (Y) |
65 (9) |
59 (13) |
66 (9) |
67 (8) |
63 (9) |
0.005 |
|
Females (%) |
36 |
56 |
38 |
35 |
30 |
0.25 |
|
Current Smoker (%) |
69 |
53 |
36 |
25 |
23 |
0.059 |
|
Smoking (p/y), median [IQR] |
60 [41–80] |
41 [35–60] |
60 [45–85] |
60 [42–80] |
66 [48–53] |
0.111 |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
27 (5) |
26 (6) |
29 (5) |
27 (5) |
25 (5) |
0.0002 |
|
Fat Free Mass Index |
19.6 (3.4) |
NA |
19.4 (1.9) |
19.7 (3.6) |
19.5 (3.9) |
|
|
Charlson Index |
0.5 (0.8) |
0.4 (0.9) |
0.6 (0.9) |
0.4 (0.8) |
0.3 (0.6) |
0.20 |
|
FEV1(L) |
1.19 (0.54) |
2.25 (0.53) |
1.54 (0.41) |
1.03 (0.26) |
0.65 (0.17) |
<.0001 |
|
FEV1(%) |
46 (20) |
91 (10) |
61 (9) |
39 (6) |
23 (4) |
<.0001 |
|
FEV1/FVC (%) |
46 (12) |
63 (6) |
54 (9) |
44 (10) |
35 (7) |
<.0001 |
|
TLC (%) |
121 (23) |
120 (13) |
113 (20) |
120 (24) |
132 (25) |
<.0001 |
|
FRC (%) |
156 (44) |
126 (23) |
132 (32) |
158 (37) |
194 (46) |
<.0001 |
|
RV (%) |
212 (64) |
138 (14) |
173 (55) |
197 (56) |
260 (54) |
<.0001 |
|
IC/TLC |
0.30 (0.1) |
0.44 (0.09) |
0.36 (0.07) |
0.28 (0.06) |
0.19 (0.06) |
<.0001 |
|
SGRQ (total), median [IQR] |
44 [22–59] |
10 [3–19] |
29 [16–42] |
49 [34–59] |
60 [45–71] |
<.0001 |
|
mMRC 2 and higher (%) |
52 |
11 |
22 |
65 |
83 |
<.0001 |
|
PO2 (blood) |
70.6 (13.4) |
83.1 (10.9) |
71.5 (11) |
70.3 (13.6) |
65.6 (14.2) |
<.0001 |
|
6 MWT (m) |
422 (118) |
530 (81) |
475 (99) |
425 (97) |
314 (105) |
<.0001 |
|
BODE, median [IQR] |
3 [1–5] |
0 [0–1] |
1 [0–3] |
3 [2–4] |
6 [4–7] |
<.0001 |
|
Exacerbation (%), preceding yr. |
60 |
25 |
59 |
64 |
64 |
0.025 |
|
Death during follow-up (%) |
35 |
0 |
17 |
41 |
60 |
<.0001 |
|
Continuous systemic steroid use (%) |
8 |
0 |
1 |
10 |
16 |
0.012 |
|
IL-6 (pg/mL) |
6.4 [2.8-14.4] |
4.0 [0.4-17.5] |
4.9 [0.4-15.3] |
5.8 [2.9-10.6] |
9.3 [5.9-21.0] |
0.01 |
|
IL-8 (pg/mL) |
9.9 [6.5-16.3] |
9.0 [6.1-16.9] |
9.1 [6.2-13.9] |
9.8 [6.6-14.7] |
11.2 [7.3-20.4] |
0.61 |
|
IL-16 (pg/mL) |
331 [239–547] |
314 [272–359] |
312 [209–430] |
347 [233–594] |
385 [294–635] |
0.052 |
|
TNF-alpha (pg/mL) |
18.1 [8.5-67.8] |
13.1 [7.4-19.3] |
11.7 [7.6-32.4] |
19.3 [9.5-92.2] |
26.5 [10.6-104.8] |
0.005 |
|
MMP-9 (pg/mL) |
5767 [3057–20700] |
18088 [9137–39533] |
10311 [3531–24100] |
4675 [2975–18200] |
4214 [2975–13533] |
0.003 |
|
VEGF (pg/mL) |
71.1 [31.7-165.4] |
100.5 [79.8-165.1] |
117.2 [34.8-238.2] |
52.0 [30.6-154.6] |
42.1 [27.4-83.5] |
0.001 |
|
PARC (pg/mL) |
52372 [34358–66350] |
54177 [35.640-62458] |
51358 [41459–64272] |
50036 [29334–67443] |
54232 [34358–77318] |
0.7204 |
| MCP-1 (pg/mL) | 527 [410–711] | 567 [435–642] | 484 [380–586] | 547 [440–775] | 609 [377–762] | 0.0169 |
Footnotes:
Values are means (SD) unless otherwise stated. Biomarkers are expressed median [IQR].
* p-value comparison across GOLD stage categories.
NA = measurements not available.