Table 2.
Antiprotozoal activity of the methanol extracts of the investigated plants and their cytotoxicity against MRC-5 cell lines
| Plant species |
P. falciparum |
|
L. infantum |
|
T. cruzi |
|
T. brucei |
|
MRC-5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IC50 | SI | IC50 | SI |
IC50 (μg/ml) |
SI | IC50 | SI | IC50 | |
|
Ajuga bracteosa |
>64.0 |
>1 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
28.8 ± 4.6 |
>2.22 |
31.2 ± 5.2 |
>2.05 |
>64.0 |
|
Caralluma quadrangula |
27.5 ± 4.3 |
>2.33 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
32.5 ± 6.5 |
>1.97 |
>64.0 |
|
Centaurea pseudosinaica |
48.2 ± 9.8 |
|
32.5 ± 3.5 |
|
31.0 ± 6.1 |
|
9.1 ± 1.8 |
1.76 |
16.0 ± 5.3 |
|
Chrozophora oblongifolia |
5.0 ± 1.2 |
12.80 |
27.3 ± 2.8 |
2.34 |
32.0 ± 5.8 |
>2 |
10.8 ± 2.4 |
5.93 |
>64.0 |
|
Costus arabicus |
>64.0 |
|
27.3 ± 3.1 |
1.41 |
13.8 ± 2.1 |
2.79 |
30.0 ± 4.9 |
1.28 |
38.5 ± 8.2 |
|
Cupressus sempervirens |
7.6 ± 2.4 |
1.41 |
2.0 ± 0.4 |
5.35 |
8.3 ± 1.9 |
1.29 |
2.1 ± 0.2 |
5.10 |
10.7 ± 3.1 |
|
Dorstenia barnimiana |
34.2 ± 8.7 |
1.44 |
>64.0 |
|
29.6 ± 3.9 |
1.67 |
22.6 ± 5.8 |
2.19 |
49.4 ± 9.1 |
|
Dodonaea viscosa |
46.7 ± 11.8 |
>1.37 |
45.3 ± 11.8 |
1.41 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
11.1 ± 1.8 |
5.77 |
>64.0 |
|
Enicostemma verticillare |
>64.0 ± |
>1 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
9.9 ± 1.1 |
>6.46 |
>64.0 |
|
Ficus cordata ssp.salicifolia |
27.0 ± 6.9 |
1.20 |
27.3 ± 6.1 |
1.19 |
26.3 ± 3.2 |
1.24 |
8.2 ± 1.9 |
3.96 |
32.5 ± 7.3 |
|
Ficus ingens |
8.4 ± 2.3 |
3.87 |
32.5 ± 7.2 |
1.00 |
31.2 ± 4.3 |
1.04 |
8.0 ± 2.2 |
4.06 |
32.5 ± 7.5 |
|
Ficus palmata |
14.5 ± 3.8 |
2.60 |
>64.0 |
|
22.6 ± 4.0 |
1.67 |
8.1 ± 2.6 |
4.65 |
37.7 ± 6.9 |
|
Grewia erythraea |
11.7 ± 3.5 |
2.32 |
24.1 ± 3.8 |
1.13 |
8.2 ± 1.8 |
3.32 |
2.6 ± 0.9 |
10.46 |
27.2 ± 6.1 |
|
Iris albicans |
55.5 ± 6.2 |
>1.15 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
10.6 ± 3.1 |
>6.04 |
>64.0 |
|
Kanahia laniflora |
27.9 ± 4.9 |
|
>64.0 |
|
0.4 ± 0.2 |
2.00 |
9.6 ± 3.0 |
|
0.8 ± 0.2 |
|
Kniphofia sumarae |
1.3 ± 0.6 |
5.69 |
32.5 ± 4.9 |
|
31.4 ± 3.4 |
|
5.9 ± 2.8 |
1.25 |
7.4 ± 1.4 |
|
Lavandula dentata |
7.1 ± 1.4 |
4.17 |
20.3 ± 3.5 |
1.46 |
7.9 ± 0.5 |
3.75 |
3.0 ± 1.8 |
9.87 |
29.6 ± 5.9 |
|
Leucas inflata |
44.6 ± 6.3 |
|
>64.0 |
|
>64.0 |
|
8.4 ± 2.2 |
3.51 |
29.5 ± 6.0 |
|
Plectranthus barbatus |
6.5 ± 2.0 |
5.06 |
24.1 ± 2.9 |
1.37 |
23.3 ± 2.9 |
1.41 |
2.6 ± 1.8 |
12.65 |
32.9 ± 6.8 |
|
Pulicaria inuloides |
21.6 ± 3.8 |
>2.96 |
45.3 ± 8.3 |
1.41 |
31.7 ± 4.0 |
>2.02 |
7.8 ± 2.1 |
>8.21 |
>64.0 |
|
Rhus retinorrhaea |
37.1 ± 4.9 |
1.43 |
>64.0 |
|
30.5 ± 3.9 |
1.74 |
34.0 ± 5.8 |
1.56 |
53.2 ± 7.2 |
|
Tagetes minuta |
14.0 ± 2.8 |
4.57 |
30.1 ± 4.6 |
>2.13 |
9.2 ± 1.9 |
>6.96 |
2.2 ± 1.5 |
>29.09 |
>64.0 |
|
Tarconanthus camphoratus |
>64.0 |
>1 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
>64.0 |
>1 |
>64.0 |
|
Teucrium yemense |
12.5 ± 2.6 |
2.18 |
32.5 ± 6.6 |
|
30.5 ± 2.9 |
|
7.1 ± 2.3 |
3.83 |
27.2 ± 5.3 |
|
Vernonia leopoldii |
41.9 ± 7.9 |
|
27.3 ± 5.1 |
1.10 |
9.2 ± 1.2 |
3.27 |
8.0 ± 2.9 |
3.76 |
30.1 ± 4.9 |
| Chloroquine |
0.3 ± 0.1 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
| Miltefosine |
- |
|
3.32 ± 0.7 |
|
- |
|
- |
|
- |
| Benznidazole |
- |
|
- |
|
2.2 ± 0.5 |
|
- |
|
- |
| Suramin |
- |
|
- |
|
- |
|
0.03 ± 0.02 |
|
- |
| Tamoxifen | - | - | - | - | 11.0 ± 2.3 |
IC50 values of reference drugs are expressed in μM/ml concentrations.