Table 2. PfRH5 genotypes in parasites isolated from Cambodia.

Polymorphism	Field isolates tested in GIA in current study					Non-3D7 allele frequency
	CP803	CP806	CP830	CP845	CP887	SEA	AFR	PNG	Lab
E48K	E	E	E	E	E	0	0	0	0.09
E69E (S)
N88D	N	N	N	N	N	0	0.01	0	0
Y147H	H	H	Y	Y	H	0.28	0.09	0.05	0
H148D	D	D	H	H	D	0.3	0.1	0.05	0
S197Y	S&Y	?	S	S&Y	Y	0.54	0	0.38	0.23
C203Y	Y	Y	C	C&Y	Y	0.62	0.79	0.9	0.77
I204K,R	I	I	I	I	I	0	0	0	0.09
A233E	A	A	A	A	A	0	0	0.05	0
N347Y,D	N	N	N	N	N	0	0	0	0.09
Y358F	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	0	0	0	0.09
E362D	E	E	E	E	E	0	0.01	0	0.05
I364I (S)
H365N	H	H	H	H	H	0	0.01	0	0
V371I	V	V	V	V	V	0	0.05	0	0
I407V	I	I	I	I	I	0	0.03	0	0.05
I410M	I	I	M	I	I	0.35	0	0.1	0.09
K429N	K	K	K	K	K	0	0	0	0.14
Q477H	Q	Q	Q	Q	Q	0	0.01	0	0
I493V	I	I	I	I	I	0	0	0	0

Amino acids are represented by single letter codes. ‘Polymorphism’ denotes the reference (3D7) allele, amino acid number and non-reference allele. The presence of two amino acids at a single locus indicates a mixed genotype. ‘?’ indicates unknown. ‘Non-3D7 allele frequency’ denotes the proportion of sequenced loci with a non-3D7 allele at that locus: Lab = 22 laboratory lines previously sequenced 14–16]. For comparison, we show allele frequencies estimated by genome sequencing for three major endemic regions 33], using the online database provided at http://www.malariagen.net/data. SEA = South East Asia (81 samples from Thailand and Cambodia), AFR = Africa (125 samples from Kenya, Mali and Burkina Faso) and PNG = Papua New Guinea (21 samples).

(S) indicates synonymous SNPs; italic text indicates SNPs not previously identified in laboratory-adapted parasite lines and with non-reference allele frequency >5% in at least one population of parasite isolates; bold text indicates SNPs with non-reference allele frequency >5% of laboratory-adapted parasite lines and parasite isolates; for all other SNPs, the non-reference allele frequency is ≤5% in all sequenced populations of parasite isolates.