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. 2012 Nov 8;7(11):e47482. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047482

Figure 4. Alteration of cellular levels of Smad2/3, pSmad2/3, Smad4, and Smad7 in NRK cells exposed to β-HB then treated with DA extract.

Figure 4

NRK Cells were treated with β-HB (10 mM) in 5% FCS for 48 h, followed by treatment with DA water extract for another 24 h. A: Western blot analysis; cell extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with primary antibodies against Smad2/3, pSmad2/3, Smad4, and Smad7. β-Actin protein was used as an internal control. B–E: Data were scanned and normalized to β-actin. β-HB treatment resulted in increased expression of Smad2/3, pSmad2/3 and Smad4, and a decrease in Smad7 expression; importantly, DA extract significantly reversed β-HB-induced increases in Smad2/3, pSmad2/3 and Smad4, and the concomitant decrease in Smad7. ## P<0.01, #P<0.05, **P<0.01, *P<0.05.