Table 1. Clinical features of 20 patients with clinical stage 1 disease (cases 1–20) and of four patients with clinical stage 2a (case 23), 2b (case 24), 3 (case 21 and 22) (Lugano classification).

					bHCG (IU l −1)		AFP (ng ml −1)		LDH (U l −1)
Case no.	Histology	Age (years)	Tumour diameter (cm)	Tumour volume (cm 3 )	Pre surgery	Post surgery	Pre surgery	Post surgery	Pre surgery	Post surgery
1	NS	21	2.6	9.20	3.5	<1.20	NA	0.91	n.a.	172
2	S	55	1.5	1.77	<1.20	<1.20	4.69	4.49	160	160
3	S	39	1.5	1.77	<1.20	<1.20	1.82	1.66	145	159
4	NS	28	2.5	8.18	1495.9	62.3	113.92	37.92	173	169
5	S	41	5.5	87.11	<1.20	<1.20	4.48	4.39	187	NA
6	NS	18	2.0	4.19	<1.20	<1.20	2.26	1.86	240	180
7	NS	23	1.8	3.05	<1.20	<1.20	1.31	1.31	166	195
8	S	38	2.8	11.49	<1.20	<1.20	3.26	2.39	NA	154
9	NS	39	3.5	22.45	<5	<1.20	183.35	8.15	245	192
10	S	45	1.1	0.70	<1.20	<1.20	4.25	4.26	186	208
11	S	50	1.5	1.77	<1.20	<1.20	0.41	0.51	185	222
12	S	60	1.6	2.15	<1.20	<1.20	19.09	19.85	291	248
13	S	39	6.5	143.79	2.6	<1.20	2.56	1.72	224	180
14	NS	35	3.5	22.45	<1.20	<1.20	102.73	71.91	183	171
15	S	26	3.3	18.82	44	1.4	1.26	0.79	186	216
16	S	46	2.4	7.24	<1.20	<1.20	4.85	4.05	192	291
17	NS	28	0.9	0.38	<1.20	<1.20	1.3	1.1	153	140
18	S	48	1.5	1.77	<1.20	<1.20	1.62	1.79	170	220
19	S	41	2.5	8.18	<1.20	<1.20	2.07	4.98	225	185
20	S	41	5.0	65.45	<1.20	1.20	5.07	3.80	331	235
21	NS	23	6.0	113.10	>200 000	4829.7	7.31	3.01	3149	376
22	NS	46	6.5	143.79	18.09	<1.20	737.60	78.66	2098	386
23	NS	27	2.0	4.19	67.10	73.80	2.18	2.32	202	202
24	NS	29	1.9	3.59	2.20	2.20	1.77	1.56	220	181

Abbreviations: AFP=α-fetoprotein; NA=not available; NS=non-seminoma; LDH=lactate dehydrogenase; S=seminoma.

Histology of tumours, patient age, and classical serum tumour markers (normal ranges bHCG: 0–6 IU l⁻¹; AFP: 0–10.5 ng ml⁻¹; LDH: 120–240 U l⁻¹).

Cases 21 and 22: post-surgery measurements refer to analysis after first chemotherapy cycle. The median follow-up period is 6 months. None of the patients has relapsed so far.