FIGURE 6.
Vitamin D receptor signaling is required for effects of vitamin D on monocyte adhesion. Monocytes from type 2 diabetics were differentiated into macrophages and then infected with either VDR-siRNA or control-siRNA lentivirus in 1,25(OH)2D3-supplemented media. A, ER stress protein expression. B, macrophage phenotype ratio (inset; *, p < 0.05 versus VDR siRNA) and flow cytometry quantification of membrane receptors CCR7 (white), CD86 (light gray), CD163 (dark gray), and MR (black) (n = 12/group; *, p < 0.05 versus same receptor in VDR siRNA). C, absorbance of macrophages adhered to fibronectin (n = 9/group; *, p < 0.001 versus VDR siRNA). D–F, qPCR for mRNA of adhesion molecules PSGL-1 (D), β1-integrin (E), and β2-integrin (F; n = 6/group; *, p < 0.05 for all, versus VDR siRNA) relative to L32.