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. 2012 Nov 9;3:223. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00223

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Copyright © 2012 Rodríguez.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.

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(A) Duplex sequence of miR-133b, formed by 84 ribonucleotides. Mature miRNA is shown in red. (B) miR-133b inhibits the expression of transcription factor Pitx3, whose function is to activate the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the dopamine transporter (DAT), the dopaminergic receptor (DRD2), the monoamine vesicular transporter type 2 (VMAT2), and the aldehyde deshydrogenase 2 (ADH2). These genes determine the neuronal differentiation to the dopaminergic phenotype, so that when miR-133b is expressed, the expression of the other genes is inhibited and hence, dopaminergic differentiation is blocked.