Table 2.
(i) Group Differences in Regional Activation (fMRI) During Verbal Fluency, (ii) Group Contrasts (Negative) for PPI Analysis With Midbrain Seed Region
| Contrasts | Side | Z | x | y | z | Region |
| (i) fMRI contrasts | ||||||
| UHR > controls | R | 4.54 | 32 | 50 | 14 | Middle frontal gyrus |
| R | 3.84 | 28 | 36 | 38 | Superior frontal sulcus | |
| UHR < controls | No supra threshold effect | |||||
| UHR-t > controls | R | 4.80 | 32 | 50 | 14 | Middle frontal gyrus |
| R | 4.13 | 16 | 54 | 12 | Superior frontal sulcus | |
| L | 3.97 | −14 | 50 | 2 | Superior frontal gyrus | |
| UHR-t < controls | No supra threshold effect | |||||
| UHR-nt > controls | No supra threshold effect | |||||
| UNR-nt > controls | No supra threshold effect | |||||
| UHR-t > UHR-nt | R | 5.09 | 32 | 60 | 14 | Inferior frontal gyrus/middle frontal sulcus |
| R | 4.50 | 2 | −12 | −10 | Brainstem (midbrain/pons) | |
| L | 4.20 | −2 | −24 | −18 | Brainstem (midbrain/pons) | |
| L | 4.17 | −28 | −7 | −20 | Hippocampus | |
| L | 4.36 | −14 | 50 | 4 | Superior frontal gyrus | |
| L | 4.20 | −36 | 58 | 10 | Middle frontal gyrus | |
| UHR-t < UHR-nt | No supra threshold effect | |||||
| (ii) PPI contrasts | ||||||
| UHR-t > controls | L | 4.29 | −16 | 50 | 4 | Middle frontal gyrus |
| 3.92 | −12 | 60 | 12 | |||
| Controls > UHR-t | No supra threshold effect | |||||
| UHR-t > UHR-nt | L | 3.37 | −24 | 50 | 38 | Superior frontal gyrus |
| 3.68 | −16 | 50 | 4 | |||
| R | 3.91 | 14 | 56 | 10 | Middle frontal gyrus | |
| UHR-nt > UHR-t | No supra threshold effect |
Note: The x, y, z coordinates of local maxima are listed according to the MNI coordinate system. All results reported at (P < .05 cluster corrected). UHR-nt, subjects with UHR that did not transfer into psychosis; UHR-t, subjects with UHR that did transfer into psychosis; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; PPI, psychophysiological interaction.